40 KING: KADAPAH AND KARNÜL FORMATIONS. [PART 1. 
Under these, a series of quartzites, or— 
TI Panan D Hi Pinnacled quartzites. 
(Plateau quartzites. 
Beneath these comes a second à of limestones and shales, with local 
intercalation of silicious beds, or— 
7i f Owk shales, 
Le Jummulmudgoo Group ... i ; 
(Nerjee limestones, 
and, lowest of all, another set of quartzites . (sandstones, pebble beds, 
&c.), which we may call 
The Banaganpilly Group. 
The Khoond-air Group is so called from its being largely and very 
nearly altogether confined to the Khoond-air valley : while the sub-divi- 
sions or members are named after two large villages 1n this valley— 
Nundyall and Koilkoontla. The Paneum Group, again, derives its name 
from the village of Paneum, close by which these quartzites occur in 
great force. The two sub-divisions are distinguished by the peculiarities 
signified by their names, the one from its forming the cappings of some 
remarkable plateau hills, the other from the way the rock weathers into 
pinnacles and buttresses. The Jummulmudgoo Group is named from the 
large village, or ¢ahsi/ station on the west side of the Khoond-air valley : 
and its members are distinguished by the names of villages where they 
are well seen. And the name of the last group is adopted from the 
large town of Banaganpilly, where the Nawab of the jaghire of that 
name resides. 
These four groups make up the KARNUL FORMATION, and they are 
very plainly and clearly displayed in nearly every way over the present 
field. 
On the other hand, the upturned formation beneath is, though 
o of so extensively exposed, not at all so clear in , 
TH EE the sequence of its grouping. Unfortunately, 
the ‘KARNULS’ overlie a. very extensive tract of the older series, broad 
( 40 ) 
