011۸۳۰ 1.[ KARNÜL FORMATION.—KHOOND-AIR ۰ 45 
of the group, as it hades out from underneath these shales. Also 
here and there over the middle of the Khoond-air valley, owing to undu- 
lation of the beds and subsequent denudation, this lower division, or the 
Koilkoontla limestone, comes to the surface. 
The greatest observed thickness of the shales is about 350 feet; and 
this is perhaps the maximum of depth existing at 
al the present day. 
The town of Cuddapah and the larger villages of Camulapoor, 
Dhoor, Chagulmurry, Serawul, Koilkoontla, Dona- 
pawd, Nundyall, Yellagode, Atmacoor, and Moos- 
Localities. 
leemuddoo are on the Nundial shales. 
Coilkoontla Limestones. 
Towards their base the shales are found to shade down rapidly by 
thicker and more flag-like beds into dark grey 
um and bluish sub-earthy limestones, which at first 
are shaly and flaggy, and likewise more earthy or clayey than the 
succeeding beds. "These Koilkoontla limestones are essentially earthy 
and sub-erystalline, compact, of grey and dark-grey colors up to black, 
and very often in thm flags. They are well and distinctly bedded, 
becoming more so lower down in the group, the beds varying from six 
inches to a couple of feet in thickness, and these are sometimes so com- 
pacted together that it is difficult to say which are beds or masses of beds. 
Very often the rock 1s banded 1n alternate dark and lighter layers, of an 
inch or so in thickness, which are of different durability as shown by the 
frequently furrowed edges of the beds. Cleavage is developed in these 
beds at certain points, very much m the way that it shows in the shales 
above, though not nearly so strongly. 
It has previously been stated generally that there are no evidences of 
; : organisms in any of these altered rocks; but there 
Deceptive organic ap- 
۳۷۳ are, both in this and the other limestone groups, 
peeular impression-like markings and minute coneretionary bodies which 
( 45 ) 
