CHAP. 1.[ KARNÜL FORMATION.—KHOOND-AIR GROUP. 49 
overlying the buff and white shales, seemed to belong to another group of 
rocks; but the more probable conclusion is, that it is merely a thin bed of 
silicious material, which was deposited locally at the bottom of the 
Koilkoontla limestones. 
The limestones, then, of Alumpoor, on great flat sheets of which that 
town is built, would thus seem to belong to the Khoondairs, and they 
show for some short distance eastward, until they are covered up by 
cotton soil, of which there is a great extent over this end of the Raichoor 
Doab. These limestones of Alumpoor do not, however, extend westward 
beyond the Kurnool-Hyderabad road ; the fine show of nearly horizontal 
limestones beyond that belonging to the lower Jummulmudgoo group 
yet to be described. 
The horizontal thin flaggy beds of dark grey, nearly black, weather- 
ing light grey, sub-earthy limestones immediately west of the town of 
Kurnool, and in which that division of the new canal has been eut, up to 
the Hundry aqueduct, are also of the Khoondairs, the town itself being 
partly on lower limestones. 
The he of the Koilkoontlas is like that of the shales above them, 
OMEN generally horizontal, though when they come to 
. the surface there are more irregularities in their 
undulations and mode of cropping up than one sees in the shales. The 
cotton-soil plains of the Khoond-air valley are often like an old and 
discarded grave-yard of tumbled tomb-stones, from the frequently 
irregular cropping out. of thin beds and fragments of these: and in the 
nullahs, sharp undulations and broken-backed anticlinals are of frequent 
occurrence. With all this irregularity, however, if the sections be deep 
enough, it 1s generally found that at a very moderate depth the beds 
soon assume their horizontality, or more even undulations. I endeavour 
to explain this by supposing that the shaly partings (which are frequent 
6 ( 49 ) 
