CHAP. 9.] KARNÜL FORMATION.—PANEUM GROUP. 57 
a thin bed of quartzite-sandstone with sandy shales to represent 20 to 30 
feet of beds of the whole group some miles further west. 
It would thus appear that the shallow basin of deposition had been, 
in the first instance, supplied with its detrital matter from some western 
points in the southern part of the area, and that this supply eventually 
ceased, when conditions became such that a large supply of other and 
somewhat different sand was poured in about the middle of the northern 
part of the area. Otherwise, there is no further evidence of any length- 
ened period of time having elapsed between the two kinds of sandstone 
deposits. There is no sign of unconformity, as of a worn surface of 
the lower member: the thick beds of white quartzite are lying quite 
evenly on the surface of the brown grits. 
This group of rocks occurs solely in the Kurnool district, on the 
west side of the Khoond-air valley, on and about 
Region of Paneums. 
the assemblage of hills lying between that valley 
and the true Yerramullays or western hills. It once formed part of a 
low, flattish, somewhat elliptical dome, which has since been denuded 
into the hill ranges of Paneum, Banaganpilly, and the Oopalpád plateau, 
with its outlier south of Koilkoontla. The longer axis of the ellipse lies 
in a north-east south-west direction, striking across 
Mode of occurrence. : : 
between Banaganpily on the south-east side and 
Ramuleottah (about 18 miles south by west of Kurnool) on the north-west. 
At the north-east end the dome-like arrangement of strata is very well 
indicated; the beds of quartzite rising up as the Paneum hills from 
under the limestone plains of the Khoond-air valley; but denudation has 
cleared away a very great deal of the old southerly extremity. The 
edge of the dome is pretty clear at the north-eastern extremity, though 
denudation has only left its outerop now standing, in one case, as a most 
marked * wall * of quartzite along the north-west flank of the Oondootla 
plateau, and, in another, as a gently easterly dipping outerop in the 
* See Mr. Foote's notes given further on, pp. 65-—66. 
