67 
CHAPTER 3.— THE JumMULMUDGOO GROUP. 
The group of quartzites just described is found to rest quite con- 
formably on a set of finely laminated buff shales which in their turn 
merge downwards into a thick series of lime- 
The Paneums rest on i . 
a set of shales with sub- stones; but the quartzites are not co-extensive 
jacent limestones. . $ ; - 
with the shales, while the latter are, so far as 1s 
known, always associated with the limestones beneath. There is no 
reason why the shales should be separated from these lower beds, and 
there is thus a second limestone group in the KARNÜL FORMATION which 
may be called the 
JUMMULMUDGOO GROUP 
and which may be described as consisting of two members, the 
uppermost of which is called after the large village of Owk in the 
Koilkoontla taluq, 
The Owk Shales. 
These shales are, in all cases, non-ealeareous, that is, they do not 
Owk shales and ther  €ffervesce on being touched with dilute nitric acid : 
eee and in this they are to be distinguished, in case 
of an agreement in color, from the Nundial shales of the upper lime- 
stone group which are so distinctly calcareous. They are typically of 
white and buff colors, shading occasionally by reds into purples and 
browns and are very fine-grained and well laminated. Unweathered 
specimens are hard and compact, often almost like chert, or like 
biscuit-ware; but the rock is for the most part weathered and 
consequently soft and crumbly. In the southern part of their area 
they become somewhat sandy and coarse in the upper strata, or earthy 
and calcareous as the limestones beneath them are approached, gradu- 
ally changing without any well-defined separation into grey flags 
and so down to the true limestones. In the latter case, though it is 
so difficult when one is among the rocks themselves to distinguish any 
OF) 
