70 KING: KADAPAH AND KARNÜL FORMATIONS. [PART it. 
places ; and the limestones below them are so changed that fora long 
time they seemed to belong more properly to the group next to be 
described, only that sections were continually found, which cleared this 
obscurity up. Still the Koilkoontlas are not so much cleaved as the 
lower limestone beds, so that the cleavage has not been so evenly dis- 
tributed through the groups as might have been expected, a feature 
which probably depended more on the constitution of the rocks than 
anything else. 
The planes of cleavage among these rocks on this side of the valley 
run nearly due north and south with a dip of 60° eastward. 
The Nerjee limestones. 
Beneath the Owk shales come the thick series 
Nerjee limestones. HL 
of Nerjee limestones. 
This name has been adopted* more particularly because the rock is 
becoming generally known over the district, particularly along the north- 
west line of Railway, as the Nerjee Stone, from the fact of large quar- 
ries} having been opened in it at the small village of Nerjee in the Cudda- 
| pah district. There are many other villages of greater importance where 
the rock is even more extensively developed, but the name Nerjee Stone is 
very likely to spread largely over the country, when the stone can be 
brought within reach of places where building is going on to any extent. 
The Nerjee limestones are typically very compact, sub-crystalline, 
and extremely fine-grained, so much so that it is 
from these beds that the so-called lithographic lime- 
Their character. 
* The term ‘Coralloid Limestone’ was suggested by Mr. Foote on account of the 
mode in which the more compact beds are weathered. The exposed surfaces of the strata 
often present a remarkable resemblance to some forms of coral, owing mainly to the presence 
of exceedingly thin seams of silicious matter in the planes of lamination. However, the same 
style of weathering is common in the more compact and crystalline varieties of the 
Koilkoontlas; so that an ambiguity might arise in the use of Mr. Foote's term.—W. K. 
T These rich limestone quarries were opened and are being very largely worked by my 
. friend Mr. E. W. Barnett, contractor on the Madras Railway, and the stone is now being 
imported to Madras for building purposes. The new building for the Madras University is 
partly constructed of it.— W. K. 
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