CHAP. 3.] KARNÜL FORMATION.—JUMMULMUDGOO GROUP. 17 
it becomes more varied in constitution and in the character of its 
contained debris, being somewhat silicious and full of fragments of 
chert of various kinds as well as of limestone. It is still, down here, 
a distinct band of one or three beds of limestone breccia, the enclosed 
fragments being likewise of the same shape as those above described. I 
must confess that I am thoroughly at a loss to account for this 
strangely constituted band; for it is uniformly under and over-laid by 
beds of homogeneous limestones and calcareous flags. The included 
fragments cannot surely have been obtained from the beds immediately 
under it without having left an irregular and well denuded surface 
beneath, of which there is scarcely any trace; and if it be not a 
rock fractured and re-cemented 22 situ, the origin of its contained frag- 
ments must only be looked for from some other older hmestones. There 
is a great group of limestones in the KADAPAH formation on which 
these are lying; it crops up to the westward, at from 10° to 30^, 
in a broad band which skirts the Oopalpád plateau at some miles 
distant in that direction. 
There 1s certainly some trace of a period of time having elapsed 
prior to the deposition of the band of breccia on the lower beds, for 
the upper surface of these appears to have been worn slightly into shallow 
furrows, but this is by no means so clear as one could wish. This ap- 
parently worn surface may be seen occasionally along the face of the 
scarps above the village of Cona Oopalpád,* on the west side. Here 
it is nearly down on the surface of the older group of quartzites ; only 
separated from it by a thin band of grey limestone flags. 
In the northern part of the field, on the left bank of the Kistnah 
river, however, it is at times the shore-bed of the Jummulmudgoo 
* Cona Oopalpád must be distinguished from Oopalpdd: the latter village is on the 
plateau of that name in the south-east corner of sheet 58 of the Indian Atlas, 15° 10’ 
North Lat, 78° 6' 30" East Long. Cona Oopalpád is down in a low valley ten miles 
and a half to the west-south-west. 
(w) 
