CHAP. 3.] KARNÜL FORMATION.—JUMMULMUDGOO GROUP. 85 
terraces of limestone, particularly to the south of the Oopalpád 
plateau, are of perfectly bare rock, with hardly a vestige of vegetation 
except where there may be an occasional patch of cotton soil. Most of 
the flat-topped hills about here are about 300 feet high, and the area 
over which they occur is fully 100 square miles, which may give an idea 
of the considerable amount of denudation which must have gone on, . 
to clear away such a great amount of limestone beds as originally 
existed here. The accompanying views show the peculiar forms into 
which the hills have been worn, as also the depths to which the 
Koilkoontla beds have been denuded. The flanks, or sides of these 
plateaus, are, as a rule, well sloped; but there are instances, as below 
Ramwarum Conda in the Oopalpád plateau, when the harder and 
more compact beds of limestone are well developed, where the sides 
of the hill assume a more cliffy-and vertical form; they are ornamented 
by occasional examples of fine buttresses and out-standing scarped masses 
of horizontally-bedded strata. Fig. 10 shows an example of this, in 
a wide and deep valley immediately south of Ramwarum Conda. 
Pl. IV, Fig. 1, is a view of Ollavacondah, a fortified hill south-west 
of Koilkoontla; showing the peculiar form of the plateau-hills of this 
region, the banded character of the slopes, and the depth to which the 
Jummulmudgoo strata have been denuded.. The lower dark band of the 
slopes is of earthy limestones and calcareous flags and shales, the upper 
and lighter of Owk shales, and the platform of the capping point is 
of Paneum beds. 
The banded character of this group of rocks is, however, perhaps, 
nowhere better seen than on some of the terraces below the hills, 
when the spectator is looking down on them. This is most particularly 
the case in the western terraces below Noornabode hill (north-west of 
Banaganpilly). From the larger plateau immediately south-east of 
the hill, the country below looks quite flat, and is of bare limestone 
strata, which are continued in circles and sinuous bands of light and 
dark color in a most picturesque way. Our maps are unfortunately 
(585 ( 
