98 KING: KADAPAH AND KARNÜL FORMATIONS. [PART II. 
hills which leads west-south-west up to the much steeper and loftier 
ascents of Ramwarum Conda. The mines are worked on the lower part 
of this long promontory, in quartzite beds which rise up from under the 
plain on which the town is built and form a covering or cap* to the 
range. This gently rising stretch of hill drops down by steep slopes, on 
its north side, to plains which stretch im one direction towards the 
Puspulla valley west of Banaganpilly, thus presenting a scarp of the | 
quartzite covering to the north ; and the gentler slope of the south-west 
side of the low range is likewise partially denuded of its quartzite 
covering in long bays which open out on the plains south-west of the 
town. On proceeding up the slope of the hill in a westerly direction, 
after passing over about two miles of quartzites in which the mines are 
sunk, it is then found that the capping has been denuded for a short 
distance, leaving the underlying Kapapan rocks exposed; after which 
they again stretch westward, though now nearly horizontally, for some 
miles and then end in a scarp from whence one looks down on the 
beautiful tank and very irregularly denuded country below Ramwarum. 
Conda, which is made up or older rocks. 
By this denudation we are able to get at a thorough knowledge of 
the structure of this low hill-range of Banagan- 
eee ee SES pilly, and it is as follows. The quartzites of the 
Banaganpitly group form a cap, or rather a back 
covering, of no very great thickness—10 to 20 feet,—resting unconform- 
ably on the denuded surface of a much older set of shales and traps 
with some limestone bands. The following diagrammatic sections will 
perhaps better illustrate this arrangement of the rocks :— 
* It is worth mentioning that Ramwarum Conda and the plateau range of hills to the 
north of it are also capped with quartzites, but these are not the quartzites rising up from 
under Banaganpilly, the latter run under the bases of Ramwarum Conda and the plateau. E 
am thus particular, as it seems to me that Malcolmson and some of the other previous 
observers have been induezd to look on the quartzites of the plateau in question as * diamond 
beds.’ —W. K. 
(95 7) 
