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CHAPTER 5.—' Tug PALNAD Bens. 
Since the foregoing was written, the survey of the whole area of the 
; two formations under examination has been com- 
Sito A E pleted; it was then found that there is a further but 
detached spread of KARNULS in the extreme north- 
east corner of the area. This is in the western part of the Kistnah dis- 
trict, or, in other words, in the Palnád* and in the adjoining part of the 
Hyderabad territory. Being, as stated above, a detached area, and there 
still being that total absence of fossils, it is again only by stratigraphical 
and lithological tests that these rocks can be affirmed to be KARNÚLS. 
There is, however, even a greater difficulty to be met in the 
correlation of the strata than ever occurred in 
Great obscurity in the 
grouping of the lime- the much larger area of more typical beds ; for 
stones of this area. 
supposing that an explorer were to enter the 
Palnad from the west or south-west of the area, he would be as equally 
impressed with the idea that the limestones and quartzites over which 
he was working were KARNULS, as another traveller entering from. 
the north-east would become fixed in the idea that the rocks 
belonged to the Kapapans; for, it is, so far as we can see, 
impossible to draw the line of demarcation between limestones 
which are excessively alike and which on the eastern part of the 
field are certainly associated with quartzites of the latter forma- 
tion, while on the western they are associated to some extent with 
what seem to be, and what we must consider, newer quartzites ; 
or, in other words, limestones belonging to both formations are now 
in such juxtaposition, and so altered into a certain material resemblance, 
that their he cannot be explained except by faulting, or inversion, or 
both, or by a violent crushing up of the older strata over the newer. 
__ححت‎ a a Á— A———————— — -— — — X 55*555 > بسک‎ 
* To the west of Guntoor, and situated between that part of the Eastern Ghats which 
is made up of the north-eastern spurs of the Nullamullays and the Kistnah river. 
( Rd te) 
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