110 KING: KADAPAH AND KARNÜL FORMATIONS. [PART n. 
The range of low hills of the Oopullapad station is nearly completely 
surrounded by a rim of outcrop of the Banaganpitlys, as also the 
range to the north. 
Along the eastern edge of the Timmerycota range, there are 
Traces of diamond ACeS of old diamond workings, more parti- 
, beds. eularly and decidedly around Mullawarum on the 
right bank of the Kistnah, where the limestones lapping round the 
base of the hill have been regularly undermined to get at the quartzite 
beneath them containing the diamonds. Here there certainly seems 
good proof of the existence of a set of diamond-bearing beds, per- 
fectly distinguishable from the other quartzites of which the rest 
of the ridge is mainly made, for the debris and other evidence of the 
old workings is strictly confined to the edge of the limestones. 
Again, in the Sarangapully hill further to the east-north-east, on 
its eastern side near the Kistnah, there are traces of old diamond 
workings close to the overlying limestone.* There are no workings 
carried on now in the Palnád; and a very old Mussulman in Tim- 
merycota informed me that there had been no workings in his day. 
These works date from the time when the Palnád was under the 
Mogul rule. 
The great spread of limestones in the Palnád, which may at present 
be considered as Jummulmudgoos—the Khoond-airs 
Cleavage in Palndd 
1 E showing only over the south-western part—is over 
more than half its area very strongly cleaved, the 
cleavage showing stronger and stronger to the westward until the 
beds, where they were more earthy and clayey, are almost slates. The ۱ 
cleaved character is confined to the area east of Goorjal, and along 
* It must not, however, be forgotten that both Dr. Oldham and Mr. Foote have seen 
old diamond workings in various quartzite strata, further east even than this, in the Bata- 
vole or Juggiapett range of hills, some of which strata certainly belong to the 
KADAPAHS. 
)) 120 ) 
