CHAP. 5.] KARNÜL FORMATION.—THE PALNÁD. 113 
Now, had there not been this parallelism of boundaries, and ap- 
parent eonformability* of strata round the edges of the Palnád basin, 
the great succession of strata in the Palnád' itself might have been 
accounted for by a case of direct unconformity of the limestones and 
slates on the bottom quartzites ; such an amount of unconformity is not, 
however, displayed anywhere over the field. 
Again, when a section is run across the strike anywhere in the 
eastern part of the Palnád to the south of the 
General dip eastward, 1 ۵ 
under quartzites of eastern Kistnah, there is apparently an unbroken succes- 
ridges. : 
j sion of strata, one over the other, until they, as a 
general rule, dip down under the rocks forming the eastern hill ridges 
which bound this side of the Palnád. 
They do not, however, always dip down under these eastern rocks; 
E d dise on the contrary, they are in one or two places 
lying over them, asin the more westerly of the 
two ridges west of Bellamkonta. Here, at the southern end of the 
ridge, the limestones are dipping down to the east by south at 30° to 40° 
under the quartzites; while at the northern end the quartzite ridges 
are as clearly dipping to the north-west, and close to the base of the 
ridge the limestones are dipping away at easy angles in the same 
direction. In the middle of this ridge the quartzites with slates are 
vertical, so that there is an axis of tortion running up the ridge. 
Indeed, all round this neighbourhood, the limestones (if they are al- 
ways the same limestones) and quartzites are most strangely associated 
together. To take only the next westerly ridge, at its southern end, 
limestones are overlying and underlying the quartzites of which it is 
* The limestones and shales are really unconformable over the quartzites, as will be 
shown further on, but not nearly to such an extent as the present aspect of the limestones 
seems to indicate. 
۲ (s s) 
