CHAP. 5.] KARNÜL FORMATION.—THE PALNÁD. 115 
atives of two or more series of quartzites; but it is also certain that ridges 
of one and the same set are both underlaid and overlaid by limestones 
which are to all appearance one and the same. 
There are no direct evidences in the field that the limestones are 
different, and yet it is most difficult to reconcile the peculiar arrange- 
ment of these beds with the supposition that they are all of the same 
series. I am myself inclined to look on the beds along the greater 
part of the eastern border of the field as different from and altogether 
older than those west of the Piddoogooralla tributary of the Kistnah, 
though I confess myself unable fully to describe the differences. They 
certainly look more like some older limestones which are hereafter to be 
described ; and yet they are in many cases exactly like limestones of the 
Khoond-air and Jummulmudgoo groups of the formation now under 
description. 
It must not be forgotten that the limestones of the south-western 
part of the Palnád are very similar in their lithological and stratigra- 
phieal relations to those of the KARNULS; while it remains to be shown 
that there is no exhibition of like associated strata in the older rocks, 
except what we see adjacent to the eastern ridges of the present field. 
One feature seems certain,—that the quartzites of the north- 
western slopes of the Waumyconda ridge and of the north-western 
edge of the basim, along the left bank of the Kistnah up to and south of 
Batavole, are the same series; while the limestones overlying them are in 
like manner of one series. 
These quartzites in the Waumyconda range overlie other limestones 
of the KAbaPAHS, Which may possibly be the same as those that are 
subjacent to the quartzite ridges west of Bellamkonta.* 
* It is part of the argument to state that Mr. Foote, who surveyed the Batavole pro- 
montory of rocks, is perfectly convinced in his own mind that the limestones of that region 
belong to the older series or KADAPAHS; and he saw no reason to alter his opinion after 
he had traced the same beds with me south-west along the left bank of the Kistnah. 
(mno 
