CHAP. 5. ] KARNÜL FORMATION.—THE PALNÁD. 117 
of quartzites, then there have been inversions of greater or lesser extent, 
as well as faulting to some degree.* 
But the difficulty under which we labor is to say where the line 
or lines of demarcation between the two lime- 
Impossible to show 
pou ion stones are to be drawn, or to indicate the possible 
line or lines of dislocation which may have 
brought the limestones into juxtaposition. 
As stated already, no traces of such lines occur in the limestone area 
unless those shown by the irregular and wavy outcrop of two bands 
of slates and taleose schists with quartz which show along the valley of 
the Piddoogooralla river, and again in the valley of the next main stream to 
the west, or that which runs past Pinhtlly. In these outcrops, however, 
there are no good signs of faulting: the slates appear to lie naturally 
with the rest of the strata. Indeed, it is possible almost to trace the 
Piddoogooralla slate band, as it runs round between limestone series, 
in waving curves, with the denudation of the surface of the country. 
At Karampudif, however, there is an end to the regularity of the 
limestones and band of slates, for they lie over the 
Karampudi break in 
succession of strata. 
Karampudi beds, though nearly up to that they 
have haded up from under the limestones to the 
south and south-east. 
When the limestone and slate outerops of the eastern edge are 
mapped out, there are certain breaks in their 
Continuity of eastern JL Me i : 
outcrops broken by cross continuity of strike occurring at the westerly con- 
faults. ^ = ۱ 
tinuation of the cross-faults; and these lines of 
dislocation are indicated on the map as far west as the breaks in the strata 
would allow of their being supposed to exist. 
* It will be seen, further on, how great inversions are frequent and splendidly exhibited 
in the side gorges of the Waumyconda range of hills, the influence of which may have been 
impressed upon the strata of the country, thence up to Batavole. The limestones of the 
western half of the Palnád lie over these quartzites, and they may even have existed covering 
the range before the great dislocation and squeezing of strata had occurred. 
t A few miles west of the south-east corner of Palnád. 
) ۱ 
