CHAP. 5.] KARNÜL FORMATION.—CONCLUSION. 121 
In the northern portion of the Palnád, however, or along the 
left bank of the Kistnah valley, this unconformity is not at all 
so evident,* for the bottom quartzites are lying quite easily, and have 
apparently scarcely been disturbed since the period in which they were 
deposited. Still, immediately south on the right bank of the Kistnah, 
and indeed also in its continuation on the north side, the Sarangapully 
hill is lapped round by thin limestones, higher and higher beds— 
particularly at the southern and west side of the ridge—lying up 
against the quartzites of which the ridge is composed. 
The chocolate colored shales, eventually becoming slates to the east- 
ward of the Sarangapully undulation, are evidently part of the 
limestone series; they scarcely show to the west of this ridge, clear 
suberystalline grey beds of limestone there lying up over the quartzites. 
"This coming in of a set of shales at the bottom of what I take to be 
Jummulmudgoo limestones is hardly in accordance with the general 
behaviour of the same group in the Kurnool and Cuddapah area; never- 
theless it is not quite without a parallel, for there are cases of earthy 
and sandy bases to this group on the western outcrops below the Oopal- 
pad plateau of the Banaganpilly and Baitumcheroo country. | 
Mr. Foote’s views regarding the Palnád limestones will be found 
in his notes given in that part of this memoir which is devoted to the 
consideration of the KApAPAH formation (see appendix). 
CONCLUSION. 
The KaRNUL formation has now been described m its entirety; it 
is not of much thickness, altogether in its greatest development being 
only 1,200 feet, but it is superficially very extensive, and itis admi- 
rably displayed, both horizontally and vertically. There is no difficulty, 
after examining it carefully, in distinguishing it as a formation; for, as 
we have seen, it is lying flatly on the up-turned edges of the rocks 
which are next to be described. 
* This is the part of the field examined by Mr. Foote.— W. K. 
Q (C321 
