122 KING: KADAPAH AND KARNUL FORMATIONS. [PART 11, 
Though it is essentially an altered series of rocks, and must thus 
necessarily have been placed under conditions utterly different from 
those we now find it in,—such as having been frequently depressed and 
elevated, stages of physical change which are shown by its present situa- 
tion and by the alternate constitution of its component members,—it is 2 
formation exhibiting very little change from its original he. Even now 
over nearly the whole field, we only see rocks situated, as they might 
have been originally deposited over the bottom of an aqueous basin 
which must at the time have possessed very much the form of the present 
surface. All round the boundaries there are the evidences of long 
shelving shores on the edges of this basin; and the more detrital 
rocks contain fragments of the older deposits that are cropping up 
immediately along the shores. Doubtless there are many instances 
in which the detritus must have travelled long distances; but the main 
constitution of the beds can all be accounted for from adjacent rocks. 
Of faulting to any decided extent which has affected the KARNUL 
rocks there are only two examples. The one has taken place ina 
nearly east-west direction along the Gunnygull ridge, east-south-east 
of Ramulkota, and the northern flank of the Oondootla plateau. It 
is a fault the throw of which commenced imperceptibly at the eastern 
end of the line near Gunny, until at its western end, it amounted 
to more than 300 feet. Along the flank of the Oondootla plateau the 
limestones and quartzites are bent down with a sharp dip, as is 
described already in Mr. Foote’s account of the ‘wall’ of Calwa; 
which dip, as one proceeds westward, is found to become so sharp as to 
indicate a decided fracture in the strata; and this becomes more and 
more distinct the nearer the Gunnygull ridge is approached. At first, 
after the sharp roll-down of the beds is traced out past Calwa, it 
is found that the Nerjee limestones are brought sharp up against 
a scarp of quartzites (pinnacled beds) of the Panewm~ group without 
having any room to slip under them, as they ought to do; and then 
as the line is traced still further westward the Banaganpilly quartzites 
( 122 ) ۱ 
