CHAP. 5.] KARNUL FORMATION.— CONCLUSION. 123 
begin to crop out from under the limestones at very nearly the same 
level as the pinnacled beds (which still, however, keep their own 
level along the north side of the fault) until they run well over the 
upland country towards and almost on to the Gunnygull ridge, when 
the pinnacled beds show down below in the flat Kortycoonta plateau 
north of Gunnygull. Also, the Banaganpilly group is again found 
on this north side of the fault 300 feet below at Ramulkota, where 
it has cropped out from under the limestones, Owk shales, and 
pinnacled quartzites of the Kortycoonta plateau. The downthrow 
then was on the north side, and this is evidenced by the up-turned beds 
against the northern flanks of the Gunnygull hill. This lime of 
fault runs right out in a westerly direction into the granitoid gneiss 
country beyond this western edge of our rocks, as is shown by the ridge 
of fault-rock strikmg through Yeldoorly hill. 
The other instance of dislocation is that along the eastern side of 
the southern part of the Khoond-air valley. This also was a fault or 
series of faults which gradually increased in intensity from simple squeez- 
ingup of the strata—as previously noticed in a description of the effect 
produced on the limestones and shales of that part of the valley—to 
absolute dislocation and faulting at the south-eastern corner of the 
Cuddapah basin. Unfortunately it is as yet impossible to give any definite 
opinion as to the amount of faulting which may have taken place at 
the southern end, or at the east-south-eastern corner of the 
Cuddapah basin, but there is evidence to show that it may have been 
considerable either in the horizontal ‘ heave’ or in the vertical ‘throw’ ; 
for the strata of the region are very violently contorted, intensely 
vitrified, largely impregnated with quartz and iron ore, and partly 
squeezed out of sight altogether. For the present it is only necessary 
to refer to this disturbance in so far as it has affected the KaRNUL 
rocks, and this was in the gradually increasing folding of the strata and 
the production of cleavage to a large extent locally. 
