$ E; ; 
7 
CHAP. 1.] THE KADAPAH FORMATION. 151 
Compared with that of the KARNÛL rocks, the thickness of the 
KADAPAHS is enormous. At the lowest calcula- 
Thickness -of series f 1 1 1 
enormous; 21,000 feet at tion which the average lie of the beds will allow, 
eu Bat the greatest present thickness amounts to 21,000 
feet. This is calculated on a section running across the Gundycotta 
hills by the gorge of the Penn-air in a south-west—north-east direction, 
and so through Byrenconda hill station in the Nullamullays; but it 
must only be taken as an average calculation, for most of the sub-groups 
vary much in thickness along the fine outcrops displayed in the 
Nullamullays, and frequently show a tendency to thinning out, even in 
the middle of the field. 
Taking the enormous area into account, as well as all the squeezing 
از‎ and folding to which the Kapapans have been 
" exposed in their eastern portion, there has not 
been any very extensive dislocation, except along the eastern edge ; 
and here it is not at all clear that the close juxtaposition of the 
newer strata against the gneiss is always indicative of faults. The term 
‘close juxtaposition’ is used, because it is only here and there alone the 
whole line that the gneiss and the newer metamorphies have been traced 
into absolute contact, owing to the great talus of debris fringing the 
base of this part of the eastern gháts. However, in almost every case 
where these rocks have been observed at such contacts, it was found 
that the quartzites were dipping at the gneiss at very high angles; in 
which cases there can be no reasonable doubt of faulting, especially 
when it is the fact that at the same time these quartzites which are 
butting against the gneiss are of enormous thickness, and are (except 
in the northern part of the Yellacondas) overlying the Cumbum beds, 
which are of the third group. 
There is indeed very often room enough under the talus fora 
turning up of the beds; but this cannot be the 
Space beneath the east- PRAS 
ern talus for concealed case all along the Yellacondas, considering that 
natural boundaries. : oss . 
the strike of the beds runs, particularly in the 
Gamer 4) 
