144 KING: KADAPAH AND KARNUL FORMATIONS. [PART II1. 
It is this thinning out or replacement which renders the northern 
part of the area towards the Kistnah so obscure in the correlation of 
its strata, there being no such distinct succession of beds as occurs 
around Cumbum for instance. 
The KADAPAH ROCKS are the main store-houses of what mineral 
ZADAPAH rocksminera] Wealth there is in this part of the country. Iron 
OEE ore occurs in nearly all the groups, particularly 
among the quartzites. Copper ore was worked in old times in the 
western representative of the Cum bum group, and again in some of the 
quartzites of the next lower group, or possibly of the same series; while 
lead was extensively mined in the Mogul days in the same group. 
Further notices of these will be given in the chapter on the 
industrial resources of these districts. 
It would be well if the Kapapaus could be described in the same 
way as the KARNULS, namely, in descending 
Difficulty in describ- 1 1 
ing KADAPAHS in de- order; but this cannot be done so conveniently as 
VER REN with the newer formation. There are so many 
breaks in the continuity of bands of strata, and so large an area 1s con- 
cealed by the KARNULS, that, in a descending examination of the groups, 
continual reference to the most permanent outcrops is necessitated, which 
outcrops are about the lowest in the series; while the frequent repeti- 
tion of reasons for considering subjacent groups as equivalent in dif- 
ferent parts of the field, would only weary the reader. 
Even though the lower groups are the most continuously traceable, 
yet, as will be shown, with these also there is much obscurity, though 
not so much as exists among the other groups. 
A three-fold division of the formation 1s very apparent at different 
parts of the field; but it is not at all clear that 
An apparent triple 1 E ` 
grouping in parts of the :each sub-group in these regions is always the 
field. 4 
same. For example, 1n the Cumbum country, 
there is a fine succession of strata exposed in any easterly traverse from 
( 144 ) 
