162 KING: KADAPAH AND KARNUL FORMATIONS. [PART 10 
The highest beds, as they are seen under the next overlying quartzites, 
are very vari 1 incipa act that 
E E y various, owing principally to the f: 
underlying the next these quartzites are not always covering the same 
group. Ms: 
band in the outerop. At one time they lie imme- 
diately on massive hard, compact, silicious limestone, while at another they 
lieon fine earthy shales which are sometimes of considerable thickness. 
In the Paupugnee region, the quartzites are separated from the 
limestone series by a great intrusive flow of trap; while a good thick set 
of shales with caleareous bands comes between the trap and the more 
decided limestones. As the outcrop is followed out northward it is 
gradually found that the quartzites are overlying limestones, intruded on 
by trap, without any intermediate shales, as between the Chittravutty 
and Penn-air rivers. Further north, the quartzites of the Puspulla ridge 
are only separated from the decidedly silicious limestone of the Mulkapoor 
terrace by a thick flow of trap. 
Towards Kurnool the series has thinned out a good deal, and the 
Strata thinoutasKur- eds are lying at a very low angle. Opposite 
nooli DE Kurnool there is only a trace of shales at the 
base, when the limestones come in; these are highly altered by the great 
trap flow or flows, while the higher beds are mostly silicious and oolitoid. 
At the passage of the Kistnah into the Nullamullays, there are perhaps 
100 feet left of these beds, and there they are calcareous and slaty shales 
with thin beds of serpentinous limestone and bands of intrusive trap. 
Again, in the Paupugnee valley the series is nearly all of silicious 
Tene OU fat SP limestone beds, which, however, appear to thin 
Pu off very rapidly to the eastward into red sands and 
shales. The thinning out is, however, probably very deceptive, for the 
limestones which are so strong along the Paupugnee may of course be 
largely concealed first by superineumbent quartzites, which bend sharply 
round and cross the river at Boodyapully; and then by the newer 
KARNULS which are here spread out over the Cuddapah basin. 
( 162+ ) 
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