178 KING: KADAPAH AND KARNÜL FORMATIONS. [PART II1. 
western edge of the field, there must necessarily be much change in the 
constitution of the rocks, so that any general description would be hardly 
illustrative of the series as it may come under the notice of future 
observers: so that, perhaps, it is better to give short details of observa- 
tions which were made either by Mr. Oldham or myself at different 
portions of the outcrop which are more particularly worthy of notice. 
In the outliers at the southern end of the field, there is a triple 
Tee series of sands, grits, and conglomerates, which, in 
the easternmost range of hills near Madras, the 
highest point of which is Cambauk Droog, attain a thickness of about 
1,500 feet. Here the quartzites rest quite naturally on the crystalline 
gneiss which forms the greater part of the basement of the range; 
though they roll about to some extent, and are eventually much crushed 
and lie abruptly on and against the gneiss in the Calastry ridges, 
further north and west. 
At the bottom of these cappings there is generally a series of thick 
and massive beds of quartzite-sandstones and conglomerates, which are 
more cleaved and jointed than the higher strata. These massive beds are 
from 400 to 500 feet thick; above which come about 700 feet of thinner 
bedded sands and flags; above these again there is a series of massive 
and thick bedded quartzites (often very coarse sandstones and conglom- 
erates) which are more ripple marked and not so coarsely conglomeratie 
as the lower band. In the middle band there are occasional beds of 
talcose flags (schistose) which are occasionally strongly seamed with 
white quartz. This is the section seen in Ramagherry,* and it is very 
. mueh the same in the neighbouring outliers, with, however, a varying 
thickness and presence of the three bands of strata. The peak of 
Naggery Nose, for instance, is only made up of a remnant of the lowest 
* Southern end of the Cambauk range, about 1,500 feet above the sea, a picturesque 
little plateau with tremendous cliffy precipices all round; summit only gainable by broken 
flights of steps, which have been built here and there up a rift in the cliffs. 
(COMITIS. 1) 
