180 KING: KADAPAH AND KARNUL FORMATIONS. [PART TT.. 
quartzite frequently well rippled. The hills here are lower than those further north, 
and the hard grey quartzite* which is seen capping the other hills is apparently wanting. 
“Hast of Sonepoy, over the denuded surface of the granitoid gneiss, hard pur- 
plish and grey quartzites form the upper part of the hill stretching across the 
sloping table-land eastwards; succeeded by thinly bedded silicious flags or finely 
laminated indurated clays and shales, green purple and brown.f These beds again 
are covered by hard grey and whitish quartzites. 
* In this neighbourhood the lowest bed next to the gneiss is sometimes, but by no 
means always, conglomeratic. For example, south-east of Veerapully, the lowest bed 
where it rests on the denuded surface of the granitoid gneiss is a hard greyish 
quartzite, almost entirely devoid of granular structure in appearance. Over this is a 
coarsely pebbly or conglomeratic sandstone, with pebbles of quartz and quartzite ; 
over this more flaggy and some hardened shale beds. A similar succession of strata 
prevails along the range here; but to the southern end of it, the harder and more 
massive beds appear to thin out, and the flagzy and slaty beds come nearer to the 
junction with the metamorphic rocks. Some of the lower beds here are well rippled, 
and there are apparent marks of surface cracks. 
“Further south, near Raiawaram, the lowest bed is a rather coarse hard greyish 
quartzite of no very great thickness, perhaps 200 feet. This is in parts pebbly, but not 
conglomeratic. Above this there are 200 to 250 feet of hard slates, greenish and 
pink; and above these, forming the upper part of the hill and extending eastward over 
the sloping table-land, a grey and brown weathered ferruginous quartzite, with occasion- 
ally a lateritiform surface coating. The dip throughout is at very low angles, 2° to 5°, 
(occasionally as much as 10°), to east-north-east. Ripple marks abundant m the upper 
beds. 
* Again east by north of Goondaulbyle, the lowest bed seen is a massive clunchy 
hard, but somewhat earthy quartzite (or perhaps sometimes it may be better deseribed 
as a very indurated silicious clay-stone), lamination very indistinct, but the general 
bedding in the mass recognizable. Above this, flaggy quartzites and slaty beds of no 
great thickness, perhaps 100 feet. Above all, a hard ferruginous quartzite in thick 
beds, locally in bands very rich in iron (in fact an arenaceous clayey ironstone.) 
“ Hast by north of Chintacoonta, still further to the south, there are very similar 
beds. The lowest a massive somewhat earthy quartzite in beds of 20 feet or more 
without visible parting or lamination,—of these about 200 feet. 
* This hard grey quartzite is to all appearance the same as the quartzite on which the Polleonda 
Pagoda is built.—W. K. 
T The shaly and flaggy beds below the Polleonda Pagoda quartzites are like these.—W. K. 
i Collected above the Cudparaty pass and earried down by eoolies and bulloeks to be smelted below at 
Chintaeoonta and other villages. On some of the still higher grounds there appears over this series a hard 
grey quartzite, and locally a little laterite, probably the result of decomposition in situ of some of these 
ferruginous bands. 
(ESTA 
