196 KING: KADAPAH AND KARNÜL FORMATIONS. [PART III. 
rivers. These flows ave generally coutemporaneous with the other deposits 
of this sub-group, but there are every now and then cases of intrusion. 
The sheets are with the stratification, rarely across it. 
These greenstones or diorites are generally coarse-grained and 
; massive, and of dark colors, one or two of the flows 
E being finer, more compact, and of grey or pale 
green colors. There are instances also of a flow being in one place coarse- 
grained or largely crystalline, of a dark green, or mottled shades of 
green, while at other places it is a fine-grained, grey, or pale green rock. 
In rare instances the rock is porphyritie, with large pale green crystals 
of felspar. The trap of one flow (Jootoor), on the left bank of the 
Penn-air, contains olivine. 
à , 
These traps weather of a very dark brown or black; but there is 
one flow in partieular, the largest, which weathers in its upper half of 
a warm brown color, and in its lower of a deep black brown. As a con- 
sequence of this last character the outerop of this flow—owing to the 
upper part being still left here and there along the crests of the 
ridges, and there being trains of debris from these remnants—often 
presents the appearance of the blacker trap being as it were crested by, 
and seamed with the roots of, another and intrusive trap. Some of 
the flows show more particularly the spheroidal form of weathering ; 
while the generality break up in a massive cuboidal manner. 
The contemporaneous character of the flows is well seen over the 
: greater part of the area, in the marvellous parallel- 
ontemporaneity. : : : 
1 !sm of their outerops with those of the shales, 
sandstones, and limestones underneath or above them, as they strike 
along the slopes of the different hill ranges and ridges 1n this western 
part of the country. Our maps will even show this; and it is only to 
be regretted that they are on so small a scale, for rarely 1s a country so 
cleanly cut up and exposed as is that under examination, particularly 
to the north below the Oopalpád plateau. 
COG) 
