198 KING: KADAPAH AND KARNÜL FORMATIONS. [PART III. 
Cuddapah and south of the Gundyeotta range, the lie of the beds is 
very low, and the rocks much covered up with recent deposits. North- 
wards, the traps, just as with the other beds of this sub-group, are 
gradually tilted up at higher and higher angles until they reach their 
maximum inclination in the Puspulla valley. 
The intrusive character of some of the outcrops of trap is tolerably 
clear in many places; but it is very often difficult 
Intrusive aspect. : 
to make out in the same localities what is not 
intrusive, or indeed whether the eruption has been contemporaneous. 
The long and uniform lines of outcrop, and their position for long dis- 
tances between other well marked bands of aqueous rocks, are great 
points in favor of the contemporaneous mode of formation; but there 
are examples every now and then when one finds these so well defined 
lines ending abruptly or thickening or thinning out rather sharply 
into one another. These last irregularities can, however, be explained 
away by the fact that different flows of trap may have come in juxta- 
position through the thinning out of intervening aqueous deposits. 
There are frequent cases of this last mode of deposition, as on 
Ine SS s the Jillalupenta hills, below the western slopes of 
one another. the Oopalpád plateau, where there is rather an 
extensive intercalation of slaty shales with felstone bands, between trap 
flows; at either end of the intercalation, the great outcrop of trap 
appeared to be all one. Again, in the trappean outcrop south of the 
Oopalpád plateau, there are two or three examples of the same kind, 
in addition to some intrusion of trap and faulting. The uppermost 
continuous outcrop of trap, or the Polamuoda flow, shows also, between 
the Penn-air and the Chittravutty, many examples of intercalated shales, 
&c. And, lastly, there are some examples of the same kind on the 
right bank of the Chittravutty, south-east of Beddadoor hill. 
Intrusion is most distinetly evident in the small bay below the 
southern flanks of the Oopalpád plateau, where the numerous outcrops, 
C WO رز‎ 
