CHAP. 3.] KADAPAH FORMATION.—CHEY-AIR BEDS. 199 
apparently of contemporaneous trap, are connected through a thiek series 
of shales by dykes, thus apparently joining one another. Now and then, 
at certain points in all the flows, there are cases of the trap seeming to 
cut across the beds at very acute angles; these crossings are never. very 
clearly exposed, the contacts being so.commonly covered with debris; but 
there are at times well marked bands of limestone, or of other rocks, 
which at one part of the outcrop are underlying a certain trap-flow; and 
then again further north, or south, the same kind of beds are above the 
flow, while there are still some below. 
In this intrusive area, the bursting through the strata is best seen 
in the stream* flowing down from Goodypaud and Jaidwangoopully, 
where it traverses the rather lofty ridge of the Chintamanpully hills. 
About east of the latter village, the stream has cut well into the 
rocks, and in this ravine, near an old pagoda, there is a fine example of 
a 50-feet wide dyke of trap cutting up through the shales, and so join- 
ing a great flow which overlies them. On the western slopes, too, of 
Chintamanpully hill, there are several outcrops of trap which are not 
parallel to the stratification, and against which the shales are abutting. 
Some of these abnormal, or rather intrusive, appearances of the trap 
are probably not real, but owe their seemingly abrupt cessation to 
the covering of fallen debris. There is no doubt, however, that there 
are dykes cutting up through beds of shales and so causing a connection 
. between different flows. The flows, too, are very irregular in their 
thicknesses; and at the northern end of these hills, a good many 
Faint indications of CO#lesce into one very large flow just below Coon- 
volcanic centres. danacota. Indeed, it seemed that if there were 
any point in the district where evidences of a centre or centres of 
voleanie outburst might be seen, that it was here. There is undulation 
* This stream is wrongly represented on the map in every way, the junction is 2 
mile south of Jaidwangoopully: and the united streams run out at Chintamanpully instead 
of, as is represented, at ۰ 
) 99 .( 
