250 KING: KADAPAH AND KARNÜL FORMATIONS. [PART 111. 
earthy clay-slates with slaty flags, and then there is an intercalated 
band of quartzites. They are at the same time along here less cleaved 
than in other parts, and more distinct in their stratification. Still 
lower, or in the Kullsapad belt of the valley and its extension southwards, 
there is a broad band of pale green and silvery-grey fine talcose slates, 
very much cleaved, and zigzagged* 1n the lamination, as well as sharply 
folded. With these are associated dark green and blue earthy varieties, 
until on the eastern flanks of the Nullamullays dark-colored and coarse 
slates in massive beds with quartzite flags are again reached. 
In certain localities a good thickness of limestone beds are asso- 
ال سا‎ A ER ciated with the Cumbums, asin the Kullsapad 
SOMES. valley for long distances: and againt in the 
neighbourhood of Cumbum, and so by broken patches right up north-east 
into the Markapoor and Vinuconda taluqs. 
From the Penn-air southwards, beds of limestone are very strong, 
particularly about Ontimitta; and the same set of beds crops out 
along the western flanks of the Nullamullays up to and beyond Nun- 
diallumpett. In the Nullamullays to the east of thislast village, there 
is a further display of more silicious limestones, which may, however, 
belong to the same set as that striking past Nundiallumpett. These are 
not seen to any extent in the Lunkamulla range to the south, as they 
have very possibly been denuded, the Cumbums having originally 
formed the higher part of this mountain mass. 
From Kullsapad northwards the limestone outcrops are not again 
seen until some twelve miles south-south-east of Cumbum, close up along- 
sidé the Yellaconda range, when they strike away north-eastwards, and 
* This zigzag lamination is very marked all down the Porenaumla side of the ridge 
to the Penn-air. 
+ This break between the Kullsapad limestones and those of Cumbum is interesting 
in connexion with the supposed series of faults striking along part of the watershed 
between the Suggle-air and the Gundlacumma. 
( 230 ) 
