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CHAP. 4.) KADAPAH FORMATION.—NULLAMULLAY BEDS. 233 
The Baukrapett variety is a hard black, or very dark silicious lime- 
stone weathering grey, in which at times it is difficult, if not impossible, 
to recognise any stratified structure. At a distance the rock is in appear- 
ance more like an igneous outburst than anything else, black, hard, and 
rugged in the sharpest degree. In the Penn-air or Ontimitta area, the 
limestones are very tantalizing in the detached way in which they show 
at the surface, being sometimes nearly horizontal and lying easily over 
a large space of ground, and then suddenly turning up at all sorts of 
angles, or even disappearing altogether. There is a fine show of easily 
lying beds in the flat between Ontimitta and Baukrapett; while this 
is cut off quite suddenly on its eastern side by a very sharp turn up 
of the beds, the quartzite flags and hard slates beneath them filling 
up that side of the country for some distance. Then they are not seen 
except by the faintest traces to the south, or south-east. 
These peculiarities are doubtless largely due to denudation over the 
sharply undulated western beds and to the-thin- 
sec ning out of the limestones; but there must have 
been some faulting. As a rule, these strata are most uncertain in their 
thickness and lateral extension: witness their thickness of 200 feet at 
least under Baukrapett, and their almost total disappearance, or thin- 
ning out to a 30-feet group of slates and thin limestones, to the south- 
ward along the edge of the Ontimitta trough. 
After crossing the Penn-air to the western flanks of the Nulla- 
mullays, the strata are much crushed up and possibly faulted. The 
quartzites of the ridges between Cuddapah and Baukrapett peak are 
often quite vertical, exceedingly fractured and impregnated with quartz ; 
at the crossing of the Penn-air, they are m a series of three or more north 
and south folds. These are apparently under the limestones which 
seem originally to have lain with these undulations, or were crushed 
out of them. Still the limestones are continuous in their outcrop, 
though they separate into two or more bands with intermediate slates 
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