CHAP. 4.) KADAPAH FORMATION.—NULLAMULLAY BEDS. 237 
general the band is characterized by clearness of stratification as shown by its 
numerous ripple-marked surfaces. Some beautifully perfect examples of the latter are 
to be seen about half a mile north-east of the village of Lunjakola. The quartzite 
there exposed shows numerous rippled surfaces; indeed, they recur every three or 
four inches throughout the thickness of the band. One very rocky part of the 
ridge to the north-east of Lunjakola shows a very pretty example of inversion of 
the quartzite bed, here beautifully rippled. The inverted part is only about 50 yards 
in length. 
“ On the south side of the Gundlacumma river the ridge south-west of Molapully* 
is the continuation, above alluded to, of this quartzite band and its associates, which 
may be readily followed up by the eye even from a distance into the Mullapoor 
hill. On the east side of this hill especially are many fine examples of ripple- 
mark in slaty quartzite. Some very interesting examples of the distortion of the 
ripple-marks by cleavage and by crumpling of the beds are to be seen here. In some 
of the small sharp folds of the beds the small ripplings have been so squeezed up as 
to resemble roughly the flutings of a Doric column. In other very acute foldings the 
rippling has been so squeezed together as to form masses bearing no inconsiderable 
resemblance to casts of lepidodendron stems with immensely large leaf-scars. 
“Southward of the Mullapoor hill this quartzite bed cannot be traced any longer 
with certainty; it has been denuded down to the general level of the valley, but there 
is some reason to think it may be represented by one of the quartzite ridges appearing 
near Junnapalcherroo. About three miles south of the Mullapoor hill lies another of 
considerable size and elevation which is remarkable for the fine section of the 
Cumbum slate series shown on its southern face. The structure of this hill appears 
to be very complicated; and its connexion with the rippled quartzite beds of the 
Mullapoor-Yanegay ridge, though probable, is far from obvious. The probable posi- 
tions occupied by the beds occurring in the centre of the Yamal-air valley seem to 
indicate a synclinal. 
“The general relation of the Cumbum slates in this Yamal-air valley to the 
Byrenconda quartzites will be better understood if reference is made to the section 
given, Fig. 38, page 224, which illustrates the general structure of the country from the 
Chellumconda south-west-by-south of Cumbum to the Yellaconda ridge where crossed 
by the Nerdy Cunnama. 
“Southward from Bassinapully hill there are two quartzite ridges lying to the east 
of the Yamal-air streams; but I could not satisfy myself as to their being positively 
representative of the band in Yanegayconda ridge, the intervening part of the valley 
being thickly covered with soil and quartzite-shingle deposits, and in many parts 
additionally obscured by thick bushy jungle. My impression is, these two ridges are 
ER RR E E EAS ICE ne Ie ee s Clun 
* The nameless village (of the map) at the bend of the river. 
ST) 
