CHAP. 5.] KADAPAH FORMATION.—KISTNAH BEDS. 243 
are not the lowest of this series; often they are the highest. Where 
the talus widens out to a mile or three-fourths of a mile, thus giving 
thousands of feet of space for strata to turn up by crushing along an 
unbroken junction, faulting is not so evident. But it must be remem- 
bered that if the lower groups of the series are persistent in an easterly 
direction, there are underneath the quartzites at their contact with the 
gneiss, according to the classification now adopted, Cumbum slates, 
Byrencondas, Poolumpetts, and Naggery beds (leaving out of 
consideration the Pawpugnee, or lowest, group of the KapAPAHs) which 
altogether in the main Penn-air valley must be at least more than 
4,000 feet in thickness. 
The northern part of the Yellaconda range is on the contrary over- 
Northern part of Yella. laid by Cumbum slates; and, therefore, its quart- 
ead zites, of which it is largely made up, and which 
do not appear to differ.much from those of the southern part either 
in appearance or constitution, must belong to the Byrencondas; or, if 
they are the same as the beds of the southern part, as one might be led to 
suppose from the non-appearance of any topographie or stratigraphie 
break in the mountains, they must be so by an inversion of the strata. 
For along time Mr. Foote and I were unanimous in considering 
a ee EE NUE that the quartzites of the Yellaconda were one 
strata. and the same throughout, though we had all 
along to meet the fact that in the southern part of the range the quart- 
zites are overlying the Cumbum slates. To get over this difficulty 
there was nothing but an inversion to be brought forward: and this 
to some extent is shown by some of Mr. Foote’s sections, which have 
already been given in the extraets from his notes. 
Latterly, however, it has appeared to me not out of the way to suppose 
that a line of fault crossed the strata of this range 
Mer. C IR d somewhere between that part of the range opposite 
to Porenaumla and the commencement of the widening out cf the 
ridges into the Davureonda mass further north. There is no direct 
( 843 ) 
