CHAP. 5.] KADAPAH FORMATION.—KISTNAH BEDS. 255 
_the Goonyconda on the eastern side of the sharp turn of the river to the 
north before it enters the Palnád* ; but there is throughout a general dip 
to the east. The river flows nearly in the axis of this flat synclinal. 
At the eastern end of the plateau-range the Goonyconda is capped 
with the upper white quartzites, and these with the lower strata are 
continued eastward in the Waumyconda range, or north-east spur 
of the mountains, and then further north in the hills flanking both the 
banks of the Kistnah, until they are covered up by the limestones, &c., 
of the KARNULs} in the Palnád. 
At the bottom of the Kolumnullah, the stream flows over coarse 
dirty brown grits and sands in thick and thin 
ia ca ca beds. To the westward of Sreeshalum these 
E strata hade up from under the great thickness of 
red and brown slates, &c., as a great succession of beds, well exposed 
in the bed of the Kistnah, rising up to form the mass of Irlaconda hill. 
Onemay walk for miles all along this part of the river passing over 
the edges of these grits, which are dipping at 5° to 8° eastward; and 
there is only one anticlinal and synclinal undulation between a point 
north of this hill and Verabudr Droog. This would give a thickness 
of 1,200 feet at the lowest computation. 
At Verabudr Droog, the west end of the Irlaconda range, 
Overt EU these lowest quartzites overlie mottled shales with 
slates. trap and limestones which are exactly like the 
strata in the Penn-air slates; and they eventually to the north thin out 
over these, on to the gneiss of the Hyderabad territory. 
Following these quartzites again in their north-easterly run along 
North-eastern edge of the northern side of the Kistnah basin, it is found 
field. 
that in the neighbourhood of the Dindee river, where 
* Western part of the Kistnah district. 
T There are two isolated patches of these limestones close down on the right bank of 
-the Kistnah below the western flanks of the Goonyconda. 
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