CHAP. 1.] FAULTS AND FLEXURES. 263 
rule, either simple with a, vertical axis-plane, or with one side more 
or less approaching the vertical. 
In both regions there are long lines of dislocation: the question 
then is as to the inclination of the fissures. The 
Direction of throw not à 
necessarily with a hade — general rule 1s, that the fault must hade towards 
to the westward. y à 2 
the side of the down-throw, or in this case that 
the inclination of the faults must be to the westward ; and with this idea 
Mr. Foote has given all his faults, in section, with this dip. 
It seems, however, on looking into the matter, that the hade of the 
fissures may be really in the opposite direction, in most of the long 
lines of fault at the base of the northern Yellaconda and in the country 
northwards to the Kistnah. It would be so supposing that the 
| fractures were consequent on the pressure that pro- 
On the view that frac- 
ture resulted from folding duced the folded flexures of the strata: Pressure and 
RUE contortion may indeed be the secondary results 
of faulting: thus here, supposing the faults to underlie to the west, in 
the direction of the down-throw, under such circumstances the area 
of country depressed would have to occupy smaller space, and the 
strata adjacent to the fault might be thus crushed into folds, which 
might even have their curves toppling to a certain extent, in the 
direction of the throw. It is doubtful, however, whether the amount 
of folding produced in this way could at all approach that which is 
now exhibited in this part of the field; not at least without a much 
greater depression than seems to have been superinduced on the rock 
groups. In the generality of cases here observed of faults simply 
across the bedding, and not cases of fracture from extreme curvature of 
the beds, there is little folding of the strata for any distance from the 
plane of faulting. 
The basin of KApaPAH rocks originally, in all probability, existed 
as a broad trough (fig. 47a), of which the western 
Original and. subse- 
qa niine of spa. side has remained pretty much the same as to 
( 263 ) 
