280 KING: KADAPAH AND KARNUL FORMATIONS. [PART IV. 
“Tron is found abundantly and worked in many places in that 
Mr. C. Æ. Oldham’s Portion of the Cuddapah district comprised with- 
Oi in Sheet 77. Of these a few may be particularized. 
“At Yerragoontla Cotta in the Chittavail (or Rajampett) talaq 
several furnaces are worked. The ore here used is brought from the 
eastern slopes of the hills west of Yerragoontla Cotta and is a rich (gener- 
ally arenaceous) iron stone. This they break small, sometimes mixing 
with it pieces of a softer more laterite-like ore, and smelt with charcoal in 
earthen furnaces of the ordinary form supplying the blast through earthen- 
ware tuyeres, from bellows generally of goat-skin. "They use no flux. 
“The charcoal is burned in the jungles adjoining the village on the 
west, which is in places very dense, and though generally small, in 
some of the valleys contains some tolerable timber trees. These, how- 
ever, as far as I could ascertain, are rapidly disappearing ; indeed the 
jungle generally must be thinning in this neighbourhood. 
«c Near Chintulcherroo (about eight miles north of Dhoor) at a small 
village named Colapettah (not marked on the Atlas map), iron-working is 
carried on to some extent. I noticed here ten furnaces at work smelting. 
The ore used here is a red hematite, somewhat silicious, which is col- 
lected on, and brought from, the range of hills east of Chintulcherroo, 
and is tolerably rich; the furnaces are of earth or mud, with earthen- 
ware funnel and cap on top, and tuyeres of earthen-ware. Two bellows 
of goat or calf-skin are used, and keep up a very constant blast. The 
furnaees are charged three times a day when in full work with a 
basket-full (three to four maunds) of crushed ore, no flux being used. 
Charcoal is the fuel used, which is supplied occasionally as required, 
from above, under the earth-ware cap. 
“The yield from each charge is a dise of iron of about one maund 
in weight, which is split in the usual manner into two pieces, each 
yielding material for two hatchets or kodalies. "There were at the time 
when I was there two or three other furnaces at work, forging this: 
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