418 ABORIGINAL SITES ON TENNESSEE RIVER. 
The mound was composed of the red earth of the hills to a depth of 3 feet 
3 inches, below which, for somewhat more than one foot, was what seemed to 
be brown soil gathered from the adjacent surface. Below this was undisturbed 
red clay. 
On this undisturbed clay, 4 feet 5 inches down, was a skull which may have 
been interred alone, or, as it lay near the trench, it may have been all that had 
not been cut away by the previous digging. 
Throughout our investigation of this mound the only artifact found was a 
small, flint arrowhead. 
MOUND OPPOSITE LOUDON, LOUDON COUNTY. 
On property of Mr. Walter Blair, opposite the town of Loudon, at the foot 
of the hills, about one-quarter mile in from the river, is a mound 5 feet in height 
and 40 feet in diameter (estimated), a large part of which has been dug out. 
Permission to investigate this was not urged by us. 
MOUND ON THE CARMICHAEL PLACE, LOUDON COUNTY. 
On a low hill about one-quarter mile in from the river, and in sight from it, 
is a mound slightly more than 3 feet in height and 36 feet in diameter, on property 
belonging to Mr. N. B. Carmichael, who resides upon it. 
The mound was composed largely of the red clay of the hills, which is reached 
a few inches below the general surface, but the upper clay having lost part of its 
iron through the growth of vegetation, had assumed a brown or yellow appear- 
ance. This superficial layer made it easy to determine when the base of the 
mound, the original surface of the ground, had been reached, and the red clay 
beneath it made the determination of intruding yellow or brown clay in pits 
also an easy matter. | 
An excavation 12 feet square came upon, at а depth of 14 inches, a skull face 
down, and some small decaying fragments of bone, among which were recognized 
part of a humerus and small remnants of a forearm. 
The base of the mound was reached at a depth of 2 feet 4 inches. Somewhat 
off from the center of the base was a pit, 4 feet 10 inches by 4 feet 2 inches, ex- 
tending 1 foot 2 inches below the original surface, or base of the mound. On 
the bottom of the pit a skeleton, hardly more than traceable, lay partly flexed 
to the left, the head W. by S. The pit evidently had been filled prior to the 
building of the mound, as the mixed material in it differed from the composition 
of the mound in the neighborhood of the grave. In addition, the material filling 
the grave had been made into a little mound 10 inches in height above the 
grave, over which the mound proper had been built. 
Another pit, 4 feet 11 inches by 2 feet 8 inches, also was somewhat away 
from the center of the base. Its depth below the original surface of the ground 
was 10 inches. In it lay faint traces of a skeleton partly flexed to the right, 
the head SSE. 
