448 SOME ABORIGINAL SITES. 
Sixty-six skulls, often with most of their skeletons, were saved, conditions 
at this place being favorable, on the whole, for while skulls lying in the midden 
deposit were often erushed, and sometimes otherwise more or less injured by shells 
and bits of stone forced into the facial parts, those in the sand beneath the 
deposit rested in soft material containing no shells and doubtless had been rein- 
foreed through infiltration of lime salts from above. 
The fact that many of the graves seemingly had been made at various stages 
in the growth of the mound and that often a considerable depth of deposit had 
formed above where their inception presumably was, and the knowledge that 
among a very large number of artifacts discovered by us, none in any way indi- 
cated contact with Europeans, argues a considerable age for the skulls from this 
place. 
These crania and other bones, sent by us as a gift to the United States Na- 
tional Museum, have been examined in a preliminary way by Dr. Ales Hrdliéka, 
who writes that the erania are “typical, undeformed, Algonquin skulls,” and 
adds that they are “evidently not Shawnee, although coming from the region 
ascribed in general to that tribe." In another communication Doctor Hrdlička 
writes: “None of the skulls is deformed and their type is that of the Algon- 
quin. . . . The location is in the region still generally ascribed to the Shawnee, 
but the remains evidently represent another tribe. This may have been the 
Miami, or one of the tribes from Illinois, or one of the Lenape.”’ 
Throughout the digging, as will be detailed later, a number of skeletons of 
dogs were found, of which Dr. Gerrit S. Miller, Jr., writes: “I am particularly 
glad to see the dogs, as their perfect similarity in essential characters to modern 
European dogs helps to eonfirm my idea that all domestic dogs had à common 
origin." 
Artifacts with burials in “The Indian Knoll" were comparatively numerous, 
but unfortunately present little diversity, the so-called netting needles and their 
sizers being, of course, the feature of the place. Shell beads were with many 
burials, as we shall see, and were in a wonderful state of preservation, owing, no 
doubt, to the presence of lime salts from the shells in the midden debris, which 
presumably exerted so strengthening an influence on the skulls. Globular 
beads of shell were not found; fine tubular shell beads, from .5 inch to 1.6 inch 
in length, were encountered, and quantities of discoidal ones, ranging from 
minute beads only .1 inch to others a full inch in diameter. "There are flat beads 
almost annular, the perforations being .5 inch in a total diameter of .85 inch. 
Numerous lots of beads were made from fresh-water univalves (Anculosa prerosa; 
Anculosa, a small, undetermined species), and one lot from the marine univalve 
Marginella apicina. All these were ground on one side to allow stringing. 
A feature of this place, in connection with the shell beads, was that nearly 
all the various lots found with burials were aecompanied with other beads, of 
jet or of red claystone, the jet beads being sometimes singly with a deposit, some- 
times two or three. Most of the jet beads are barrel-shaped, the largest found 
