Book No NOTICE. 
PFLANZEN KRANKHEITEN рта KaYPTOGAM- 
ISCHE PARASITEN VERURSACHT. By Dr. Carl 
Freiherr von Tubeurf. (Berlin, 1895.) 
A work of nearly 600 pages of —€— printed 
— on the ман of — vascos caused b 
c fungi, m 28, d necessity, 
either үе ем and — ven bof "retails, or super- 
e 
litera Mure which has appe 
s fine treatise on fungi start 
mer i VS which Brefeld, Zopf, Hartig, Frank, and 
8 e th important, in a domain in 
8 . as well 
as one of the hardest workers and clearest thinkers, 
Berkeley’ s chief work in vegetable pathology ap- 
German text-books 
In the first part (Allgemeiner Theil) an attempt has 
een made to re-cast the usually-accepted classi- 
fications of the d of life of fangi under the head - 
ings Parasitism, Matualiem, and Natriciem (for 
only by this barbarous equivalent can we consistently 
render the word chosen), and, we think, with but 
scanty success, for the efforts to draw sharp lines 
between the various stages of parasitism displayed 
by fungi of different species, or by the same species 
ч different — can rarely be maintained. 
ubeuf substitutes for De Bary' a 
degree E" the classificatory iie iot the sub- 
stituted te: , his own account shows that 
the new m break down as hopelessly as the old 
ones before cases like Mucor and Penicillium, which 
ated sufficient poison or enzymes 
to start an Е by nestling in the first few celle 
it is enabled to kill. 
Lale 
parasite inatead ofa facaltative parasite ; ; and indeed 
the latter term is the better, for it expresses more 
9 of the case, The further dis- 
в form, А 
mode of living i is К) жы пе, on differs aoe 
from the two components" But this savours of à 
mere playing with words, and, we think, with words 
singularly Pear to play with, 
| i or is right in distinguishi 
cases of symbiosis as those of the ans Witch а 
Witches 
Brobms, во forth, from the i 
and the leguminous tubercles, may be at dige dun 
ceded, He does this by laying stress on the view 
that in the latter one of the symbiotic organisms 
dé Lu or the nutrition of its hc 
he fungus of Mycorhiza is regarded вз шд, 
digested by the ба st plants 
The sections m ost interesting 
an” 
* will no dab, b te the chapters. tovil, лаца 
THE GARDENERS 
with predisposition to infection, methods 
bating the diseases, and the practi 
of fangoid diseases, The author insists on the hope- 
lessness of individual e combat diseases 
h ad over areas where apathy or 
ignorance prevent co-oper ration; and urges, with 
considerable force, the necessity for ape meet 
stations, museums, and means for educating the 
public in the technical matters here co cerned. 
He then enters into the prophylactic -— thera- 
peutic aspects of remedies and mea 
among other Vg ser 0 
ied ss quotes the followia g, 
of com- 
ce 
fforts to 
the E in the other: as а consequence, Rhytisma 
ver appears in the former, but is s 
а fact easily explained by the 
pu of the fungus. "The treatment of wounds in 
rees, based chiefly on Hartig’s results, also comes 
» for lengthy discussion. 
e agriculturiet and horticulturist will probably 
be disappointed to find so little said about spraying 
sense, 8 
details, or it may be, the author has not fully con- 
sidered the voluminous literature from America and 
elsewhere, or has not been able to make up his mind 
about the results. Rumm's experiments with 
Bordeaux Mixture, and his idea that the action 
is due to the copper and is electric in nature [so 
says the author; but Ramm concluded the action 
is үе тузилу у ны are mentioned, and er 
on the , reference is alao made to Frank 
— кеней ны atte mpts to show that. some 
mysterious action oce 
the decidedly . action on Potatos. 
Our own opinion is, that much remains be 
done along this line of e жек” but one piece 
of advice is perfectly sou ely, aying 
must be done with the as pe зу. possible of 
ше habits of the fungus to be fonght, and по шеге 
dates or general eee for the application of 
these mixtures will s 
We may eee мё what ія not sufficiently 
dwelt upon in the book, namely, that what Ramm and 
Frank and sin find is that the copper-salts affect 
the host plant, apart from any action on the fungi, 
by d P chlorophyll and the MT 
of starch, ccelerating the maturity and weight 
the fruit (Vine) and tubers (Potato), and "m diminish 
ing the rate of peng at On the d 
experience alone can dec 
accumulating copper in м ий and there is pro- 
bably no question of greater importance for agricul- 
taral and horticultural committees who have ex- 
perimental grounds and ex me advice at their dis- 
posal, to investigate further. 
In Ње sproni 
teresting section on the Chytridiaceæ, i 
fally acknowledged advan ben : 2 
Fischer'a and Schid:ser’s rec : 
ent mo 
the work, Me then follow the —X 
the far too aph on th 
will prove the most о 
oospores, but the myceli 
tubers, a view combated by Bohm, 
d P pee, ty 
nse and Petunia hybrid 
the Tomato, The use of Bordeaux 
mended and defended, 
Passing to the higher fu Ascomyc 
ngi, th 
receive attention, and a оо accou op 
jute and oed Brooms, ets, ply the 
Q- 
си у them is given ; Sadebeck’s recent i k 
ing laid under full contribation ы 
Erysiphex) and Nectrias 
eaux Mixture is recom- 
The mildews 
and other Pyrenoenycetse 
CHRONICLE. 
occurs to ‘account for 
[Jury 20, 1895, 
follow, including Wen but short par 
on Epichlcé and Claviceps. N the Discomy 
nti given Cele, 
with its native alpine heights) 
only in airy situations, not in cloge lantation, - 4 
and never in the neighbourhood of already-diseate! 
trees 
The Ustilaginez receive a very full tr 
based on Brefeld'a work, and the section оп Un. 
dines is very interesting, owing to the large amount 
of attention this group has attracted lately at the 
bands of og porn Plowright, Tubenf him. * 
self, and oth 
The di tiu varieties of Puccinia graminis is an 
results which different authors have obtained by 
sowing th em on the various Рошасе on which they 
are hetercecio us. i 
ycology, 
course, the Witches’ Broom on Silver Firs, &e, в 
to the well-known  ZJEcidium elatinüm 
attention ; as 
latter, especially those which de 
here 
advance of any of its predecessors, and mu 
be regarded as the most complete ition We 
possess on the subject, The atyle is clear, and h. ) 
print excellent. Fault may регћај ' 
м inequa lity of the discussions; for inatanee, tht 
ato disease is disposed of in pages, whilt 
Mite = te twenty are devoted to mnosporangiun 
but matter depend s on the i. of view, u 
it is not dificult to conclude that the author is espè 
cially interested in m — 1 
no doii 
to science, and will be welcome in 
libraries, Н, "Marshall Ward. 
THE HERBACEOUS BORDER. 
SINGLE AND DOUBLE-FLOWERED PYRE 
HRUMS. | 
A vskrUL hint in быт to the above 7 „ 
and fiee -flowering group of planta is that giren Шев 
things іп Mideummer, with the soil dust-¢ 
districts, 2 or 3 inches deep, involves 9 
— of risk, and probable losses. The Inter 
may be re à 
no vigour remainin 
prepared during the past — for visting 
the present season. There are шапу, І ш 
who adopt the rough-and-ready pract 
these Pyrethrums with a spade at any e 
ti My own experience goes to P 
is nothing to be gained by planting large ce 
these plants, or even by cutting them in reni 
the con ,such а tice invariably " 
blossoms inferior in size, and these by 
represent the flowers in their best form 
