nm 
SEPTEMBER 21, 1895.] 
THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE. 
329 
poe at Kew, -— Ma we owe to the munifi- 
cence of Mr. Dar In his own rd he 
заан сате оп the track of names which he was 
unable to run down to their source, This the Inder 
enables to be done, It is based, in fact, on а 
томар "3 which we compiled for our own u 
at Kew it is a mistake to suppose that it i is 
anything more than the name signifies, or that it 
expresses any opinion as to the validity of the names 
those who use the book must 
xs have eres existing 
ed urden by 
making any new ones 15 тей dun di described, 
What synonymy has come to may be judged by 
an example supplied me i my friend Mr, C. B. Clarke. 
For a single species of Fimbristylis he finds 135 
published names under six genera. If we ро оп in 
this way, we shall have to invent & new opns 
wipe out the past, and begin all over agai 
Although I have brought the matter pm the 
Section, it is not one in which this, or indeed any 
collective assembly of botanists, can do very er 
While I hope I shall earry your assent with 
general Bona pe I have laid down, it must be 
admitted that the technical details can only be 
systematic botan 
the free- ieri must be left to do as they like 
PUBLICATIONS, 
I have dwelt at such length on certain aspects о 
t injustice, 
ess, 
otany in this 
country, the prospect seems to me so vast that I 
should despair even if I had my whole address at 
my disposal of doing it justice. I think that its 
22 is measur ten Zt the way ја which the ре 
тэр our ше are maintai 
— Ne м 
pir me which Т h continue 
we shall always 
to take advantage for сова which either 
treat of fundamental subjects, о r at least 
= interest zi * ogists. thi 
our ancient Linnean Society, with a branch of its 
8 черин у and efficiently devoted to 
systematic work. Then we have the Annals e 
Botany, whi ns has now, I think, established its 
position, and which brings together t 
phological di ыланы work accomp 
ecountry. Lastly 
as a 
not вә; fhe nd ge in its most limited aspects 
The discoveries of Mr. Arthur Be 
ogetons of the Eastern Counties 
Besides the publication of the Annals, we owe to 
the Oxford Press a splendid series of the best foreign 
text-books issued in our own language. If the 
thought has sometimes occurred to one’s mind that 
we were borrowers too freely from our urine, nur 
neighbours, I, at least, remember that ro- 
fessor Eichler paid us the кле ч "ring that 
h to read one of these m 
in the English translation rather Gund in iio original, 
I believe it is no secret that botany owes the aid 
that Oxford has re ie: п, in these and „Эн 
matters in great ш to my old friend, the 
Master of * College, than whom, I ee 
science has no more devoted supporter, 
PALMOBOTANY, 
I жыш said much of recent botany; I must not 
pass over that of past ages. Two aped workers in 
this field have passed away since our last m 
Saporta was with 
Minn and entire sincerity with which he traced 
the origin of the existing forms of — in 
r ^. distant 
— e study. 
But in the venerable, yet always youthfal, William- 
son we lose a RON: "- nr we shall long 
preserve, Wit nstinct he accumulated 
wealth of teef ане of the vegetation of 
the Carboniferous epoch, which, I suppose, is unique 
in the world. And this was prepared for examina- 
tion with эче ire patience — by his own 
bands or under h strated it with 
Truth to tell, we we 
him. ut I rejoice ni thi nk thet befo ore ue peas eful 
doned all that we ptt ich 
were, in truth, only the old manner of looking at 
things. And І think that if тоте could have 
contributed to make his departure happy, it was ргө 
conviction that the completion of his work and 
scientific reputation would remain perfectly secure 
in the hands of Dr. Scott. 
сер Рнүѕ10106ү. 
е present, the difficulty ів t 
limit the choice hy ед оп which I would willingly 
dwell, In an address which I delivered at the Bath 
i int out the im- 
tations have 
uimirdile work of Professor Green on the one hand, 
and of Mr. H 
orace Brown е Wers other. The 
wildest imagination - = no е foreseen the 
developments which, in үзөт ке nimal physio- 
logists, would spring "ia the study of the fermen- 
tative changes produced by yeast and bacteria, 
These, it seems to me, bid fair to revolutionise our 
procal action 
€ disease. 
of ferments, developed in so Wee: a manner by 
Marshall Ward in the case of the Ginger-beer ver 
is destined, эр рела do an expansion scarce! 
less Pr 
e , the most noteworthy feature in 
ecen arin is the disposition to reopen in every 
recon fondamental questions, And here, I think, 
may take a useful lesson from the practice of the 
ой вышай and adopt — — of e. the 
investigation of special problem com- 
mittees, or to individuals гін аге enmig to under- 
take the labour of reporting upon special questions 
which Pel have made peculiarly their own. "The 
reports would be printed im extenso, and are capable 
of . invaluable service by making accessible 
acquired knowledge which could not be got at in any 
other way. 
W. . Blackman a masterly demon- 
„ыба ^t t ie fact, long believed, but never, per- 
h 
about water- 
ment in plants, which I vin I na! less беа 
tive than many of my brother botanists. They are 
2 in language of extreme technicality; but, 
аз І understand them, they amount to this, 
ee: water moving in the plant is contained 3 
сти Messrs, Darwin and Acton the вару 
of a Manual of Practical Vegetable P. 
want of which has long been keenly felt. Dis ше 
father of one of the authors, "I love to exalt 
n ed that the facts ape 
are capable. of nei widely 
4 
E 
3 
more (— rod MX of those which can be 
easily demonstrated on the animal side. How little 
any A — Өг the subject has PL 
conspicuously demonstrated in а recent disc 
sion at the Royal Society, when two of our — 
chemists roundly denied the existence of à function 
of "wes in plants, because it was unknown to 
Liebig 
ASSIMILATION, 
The greatest and most fundamental problem of all 
и * of ene The very existence of life 
the earth ultimately depends upon it. The 
veil 1 slowly, * 1 think gets Pras: being lifted from 
its secreta, We now kn h, if its first 
visible product, is not its first result, u We ate are pretty 
well agreed that this is I have ves sk *' proto- 
carbohydrate.” How the synt of this 
Mr. Acton, didis A ана d we can- 
paper, which will perhaps attract 1 tion than 
t deserves from bein in Japan,* has 
from the st of t 
y appears rec 
mented on Alga. 
have Ta acquainted with 
general conclusion which I draw from is 
теат ы belief that form-aldehyde is actually 
one of t 
y-mad 
pounds which will = them this body. That а 
sugar can be constructed from it has long been 
nown, and Rübe has ibi that this can be 
utilised by plants i in the ыа» 
The precise mode of the formation of form-alde- 
hyde in the process J^ assimilation is а matter 
, But it is quite clear t 
dioxide or the water, which are the materials from 
which it is formed, must suffer dissociation. And 
this requires а supply of energy to accomplish it, 
Warington has drawn attention to the striking fact 
that in the case of the ni acterium, assi- 
ilation ithout the intervention of 
chlorop th nergy being supplied by 
oxidation of ammo his 
some subsidiary 
part, perhaps, as Adolph Baeyer long 
i i 
Chlorophyll itself is still the subject of the careful 
study by Dr, Schunck, originally 2 by him 
some years ago at Kew, This will, І hope, give us - 
eventually an accurate insight не the chemical 
9 of this important substance 
The t metabolism which follow 
the ile er of the proto-carbohydrate are still 
obscure, Brown and Morris have arrived at the 
ссе conclusion that “ Cane-sugar is the first 
esised by the assi 
sugar to be synthesi 
Toi ени, tt а "roerre materi 9 
*glacore" the sugar ‘currency’ of the plant, cane- 
its 
reserve, 
ault of the diastatic trans- 
they can readily tose into cane-sugar, 
they altogether failt to — this with — We may 
* rm College yen Imp. Univ. Tokio, vol. ii. 
Journ. Chem, Soc., 1893, 673. 
H 1 Kew Bulletin, 1891, poh 
