9 
SEPTEMBER 28, 1895.] 
THE GARDENERS’ 
CHRONICL&: 
861 
that it is quite hardy enough ы endure our English 
an advantage in some instances, 
the Pines and faster-growing trees 
become naked and unsightly after forty years’ 
gm 
is not likel he same nee W. Н. 
Divers, Panis Castle ыд Статі 
Tue ORANGE, ов GOLDEN-BERRIED Mountain Asu, 
stru ck a weeks since on 
length. I do not remember having 
* in quantity before; 
rarely to be met with. 
er should be planted about the gardens and 
pleasure-grounds as a 88 to the red - berried 
variety, which is also to be in fine berry this 
season, I was informed by "Mr. Goodman, the 
owner of this avenue, that the birds never touch 
which is а point in its 
favour. be athered 
three weeks, Edw, , Lyne, тізеу. * 
bunches of fruit sent by our correspondent w 
a beautiful orange tint, and profusely set with berries, 
showing how favourable the weather had been w 
the trees blossomed, E» ] 
THE SYLLABUS OF THE SUM- 
MER SCHOOL OF HORTICULTURE 
AT CHELMSFORD. 
Тнв course of elementary instruction in Horti- 
culture was given at Chelmsford during the first 
three weeks in Jaly. Owing to the size of the class 
&nd the nature of the instruction, all the work (with 
o 
— 
= 
8 2 
. 2 
* 
. œ 
la 
was given in the m 
cultural lectures and 
afternoon of ea 
d seed farm 
interesting estre of the programme, 
ing MY visited :— 
LEN муч of the Mayor of Чомо, 
2. Trial * of Mr, Callen, seed grower 
har 
— 
- day, Visi gardens 
n and around — an 
The follow- 
4. 
—— sina Fruit and general nu 
Saltmarsh, — Chelmsford 1 — visits). 
6. Melon and Tomato houses of Mr. Miller, Chelms- 
a 
" utmost kindn liberality. The students 
п each ere ound either by the principal 
ote manager, and full, — and instructive 
information was n throughout 
the end of the course an examination w. 
given ү Mr, John Fraser and Mr, David Houston. 
The following was = course of — АНЬ. 
tion given by Mr. John Fraser: 
DEMONSTRATION I. 
THE SOIL AND ITS PREPARATION, 
1, Preparation of land for the growth of crops, 
and practice in the use of implements. 
(т) Garden ground should be trenched every sec 
this accomplished every y 
фу Take out a trench 2 ft. wide and 18 inches 125 rs deep. 
оф Wheel the n as it is taken out, to the ar end of the 
uarter to be tre 
O ре — tvi sides of the trench perpendicularly as the 
ич, эш rid be left left to retain 
Taran in tough iw I of 
P 
5 3211 a P E хз, 
ground is ed for deep-rooti 
* mips, pat а layer i aek taro parà manure in the bottom of 
LO) For ater crops, especially shallow-rooting ones, more 
should be placed in a layer about 9 to 12 inches from 
KE Di dias Rss 4 + 
the operation till а the trenches are turned over.” 
(1) Fill th taa 21 bat 
Bear 
она 
2. ое 
(а) Roll the garden walks t rm 
(b — weather it will be est to water the walks 
thoroughly about an hour previously — carnis: ү 
them soft, P eni рше. His have no effec 
(c) Roll th grass law: r them — and smooth, 
and to 4 Лат са a 
3. Practice in the use of the rake, and preparation 
of seed beds, 
(2) Level a piece of ground, breaking the clods and raking 
off кт stones with as little soil as possi ible. 
the weeds from ground that pe js t been һоей, 
clearing thanx thoroughly of soil, 
(d) Wheel the weeds to the rubbish heap, and the stones to 
another 
4. Pdl y TM use С n. PI hor, 
‚ to 1 in, below 
f all weeds, 
hs £n tt IH 28 
2 Bang is owe — to loosen the surface of the soil 
especially in dry weather; every 
mt ss peg poate te 8 loosened. 
"DEMONSTRATION II. 
MANURES AND THEIR USE. 
1. Farmyard manure, 
(a) Preparations for the fermentation of fresh farmyard 
manure, 
ith 1 fork, shak ti 1 ] piling it 
J» 
(b 
up iato a conical heap. 
(c) Let it lay for four to six days, according to the rate at 
which it heats, 
9 Should ж in very dry, give it a er a rosed 
-pot as the work proceeds, This ts fer- 
ment regularly rand equally, and Prevent s esee Mg and 
(e) After tour tosix days, when the heap has partly subsided, 
amor дна up іп a fresh heap, with the rank manure іп the 
MÀ After oe more со TT it will be fit for the making of 
hot beds an 
2. Sari Fre kinds of artificial manures, 
(a) Note the colour and general character of gua 
(5) If it smells unusually strong, it is losing ожо іп {һе 
form of ammonia. 
cent. of n 
contains about 15 per nitrogen. 
joyigi roga bones and bone meal. 
(д) Compare ¢ coarse and 
V7 
5 mes has been prepared w treating the 
Neun substances with sulphurie aci: 
Є) lites are largely we for Е making of it 
(k) The best superphosphates are made from 405 
anos. 
() Note the general character of 3 жее known as 
kainit, and com with nitrate of sodiu 
З. Preparation of liquid manures, 
oan bis some pure cow-dung, put it into a tank, and fill up 
bes Let it — for a day or two, cover with a to 
ure from rising, while drawing ott the liquid 
prevent the 
for use, 
(c) Dilute it with w, according to its strength, until 
f a pale brown colour -" relatively w 
weak. 
t every peod or third day, and 
ank of water? and after 24 hours 
Gs clear dild m ay be used as a stimulant. Soot contains a 
small quanti ty of ammonia 
ъ 
ful of guano into 4 
to 6 gallons ot water. 
(д) Use it weak rather than strong, 
id cow-manure. 
and vee! with the 
a) Prepare a com of ) 
; moata, and half spart of sand 
) 
d sand 
ne e оаа” 
(h) Stand in a greenhouse, and keep a daily 
of the and the date of — 
of the seedlings. 
ко, 
Careful lift 
, 
(с) It should always be kept as dry as possible, to prevent 
тг b 
s Tromeplanting seediinge, 
+ th 114 
ef other soed- -pans or boxes before учня get ‘crowded. 
(ò) The distance betw the seed lings may vary according 
igour кыа: size of the kind, and the time wed 
are to remain in the boxes, 
etur to the greenhouse pit or frame, and 
A ach near the glass to prevent the seedlings 
rom geting 
3. oe trees or bushe 
(a) 9 e аршы with a ход of soil proportionate to the 
size o f the e plan 
b 
IH hal nt. ab a 
width to take all the roots when pmo 
(c) Deciduous trees and shrubs, when ifie in rutumn and 
winter 1 nicis 
e roots (1) with the finer soil, (3) я with rougher 
(d) Cov 
material ; “з 3 Vel firmly when the holes are Vip half 1 70 
(4) give a good watering, and leave them till water drai 
awa 
(е) Final y fill up the holes and tread firmly. 
(f) Stake the trees, &c., if necessary, to guard against wind. 
4. наб түр 
‘(a )N ts fil half-a part 
each = epee and well-dec iyed cow-manure with a good 
This will suit Pe (— and other 
sprinkl of sand, 
lants Py — chara — Break he 1заш roughly by 
hand, and do not portion of it 
P a) For * e sand on be used, The compost in 
case should be light and ri 
- Make up a LEM of Venir portions of loam an 
with half-a-part of sand, This wou!d answer for many Ferns, 
5 Fou 
qd Drain the pots wel g g 
= 
Moss. 
yr Par a little soil in the эртип of the pots. 
plant, remove the crocks and the looser 
e old soil. 
(d) Pot firmly, and afterwards give a watering with a rosed 
watering-pot. 
6. Sia 
ing. 
— Stake various plante 9 ж — using stakes 
* 
DEMONSTRATION IV. 
жч ат ABLE r 
(a ) It wei ШЫ to cut “roun d Potetos " 9 | 
11 to es in diameter, 8 unless more than 
pne 
cu eyes at the apex of the Potato are always th 
stronge с ind one of them should be secured in as many вси 
аз X e for each set, 
(c) For the 4 5 from the basal end of the Potato, 
select — 
(d) Cut — Beds e so as to get a good-sized 
the t 
should be dé proper no 
(7) Relatively large sets are better than small ones. 
. Preparing a seed-bed for Onions, 
(a) With a fork, level the 7 ok the ground, if it has 
been laid up io ridge s for the 
( яни в or fowl's dung and sot, 
forking it lightly into the surface. 
(c) Tread the soil all N ane and evenly, with the feet, 
or roll it to effect the same purpose. 
t —«À ia. apart. 
(е) retch a line from peg to pe * along the ground. and 
with the dr aw. hoe take out trenches alk an eb! in depth, 
(7) After all the trenches have been taken “out, sow the 
Onio 2 thinly and evenly. 
(д) With the back of the mied a in the t enches, beating 
down the 4 дуу. 2 the 
(A) Rake th d smooth 
along fe ise (oot aorose 
‘obstruct the germi 
trenches. 
(d) With the spate in the — till the soil forms a 
ng 
ridge above the Peas. Leave the soil rough, as raki 
is unnecessary with this сғор. 
4, Bowing | Beans. 
(a: а) Peg off inl 2 ft. to 3 ft apart according 
to the height of the Beans to 
be sown 
т Take out trenches 3 іп, deep, onl the full width of the 
К Sow or plant the Beans in a double row, placing th 
with those of the 
seeds 6 in. apart in the lines, and alternately 
companion line 
