THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE — 
404 
the leaves turned yellow, aud 
der the observation of sed of sufficient patience to await ти as soon аз t y before 
Н ы neces} mes 2 the pla nting of тезш the а alternative being to dig them up and — its mae trench r oe : the ke to be o 
trees under his own supervision, were results which burn а С ot ше ng roots ( 
i i 8. — ТЬ hould have the leading upward cut of the knife) and drive a spade 
ere measured by the eye, and biae might to some CORDON Тав k мы s Ae Ар ES s та о it жакшы NB pade under 
i ; but ily there was branch h left да 1 ‹ 
established. x рк АШ) Danis to the enter- shortening it at long if well ripened, cu ите to ensure sever any tap-roots which might be 
rise of His Grace the Duke of Bedford, an experi- the Ar Í the buds breaking. Now as they into the subsoil, fill up the trench again as q 
: res would be uds to form fr ч mm was 55 as possible with some good loam and old 
paca by men of science, so that pre- that they should be as weak а: sible, and bearing from a spent hotbed, and the shortened roots 
he Ab. M uld s allowed іп mind the fact that the joke one p away, make plenty of yoni petes before the 
the stronger would the growth A4 75 5 om = ena mcer е ^ A — * oe - j 
f ing a - ed lanted tree ing buds, let them err rather on the side of cutting with, it was best to prune оп у, ialf way round 
must дрва psi ч ily upon. the tr ee be € ted diy too little than too much. tree one season, etl to complete the circle 
pon. Broadly bó Pria all young, well-grown and SPALIER TRAINED TREES. — These should have year. pe 
> 
® 
rson, ae д em mu M i 
"рого us trees should have t their branches t planting mun ‘ded, i ы proper Е чү ктен, бнг eee 
rd 1 length after plantin top pair of branches ; ve ed, of c eep in 
Ane реу су, Ga be buds Ba be found there to make wth to for means of specimen trees ee ы үс with ‚ 
if the pl ti done vv early in the s nt 
tied nc xs Веера d for 1 the next pair; if not they must ent W аге the bua for the duis se, 
two in ord imise the risk of t ds which was, be it an inch or so higher or lower. The side re T ; 
were left xus dried up, but in ne case of trees абаа which were about 1 foot apart: should be эмы coco Dew де, ыб А dv of attention 
lan later in the season the pruning might be treated just in the same way as cordons, He wished Cp ыар d снов ét perieddà tho лечи i 
done at once, What were the objects be to make it clear that the pruning of a cordon or "go round the trees, say in Instead of cutting avay the 
attained by pruning fruit trees? Firstly, to obtain espalier tree should be the exact opposite of that latera growths; he broke them and left then Hal anging ant 
fruit ; Fand secondly, to form trees of a nice shape recommended for a standard tree, for the simple he und that when they wanted to ent back finally to 
and in a condition to continue fruit-bearing. With — мл іп the case of a standard tree, the result MH reak the bra theta 
many planters, the first object seemed to be lost which one wished to obtain was growth, whilst for as they pe 455 = that the first bud beyon | 
sight of, whilst others equally neglected the second. the оу formed “trained tree one wanted short develo op into an unmistakeable fruit bud, E 
Pruning required a g deal of judgment, and  fruit-spurs. ' Mr. CoLviLE : Browse E (Hextable) а һе ой! Wey 
mic аі upon the kind of tree, the stock SUMMER Pru NING. - This, as ordinarily Pm corroborate the remarks of the las er. As one who - 
upon which it grew, he form of tree which ou 8 bei had а goo od deal ‘to do with fruit-proning, no %% 
опе desired to have as a result of one's cultivation. unfruitful ; whereas, if properly done, it sho al е à he was not | 
It was therefore impossible to lay down any hard have the most beneficial effect. All side-shoots of quite s a m RS xdg ү uld я wer 18 large „ 
and fast rules for pruning- each case must be taken cordons and side-shoots from the branches o а- e R шего desi hg P 4 pri mai uM 
upon its merits. There were, nevertheless, two lier or other trained trees, or руг ramids, should be the twist they certainly did getan оа 
its. The M 
rules that could 3 be kept in view, and which gone over during the season of early growth (May), It was very curious, and he thought it might be advantageots 
D antageous 
form s of pgs all pruning: first, that and pinched back with the finger and d thumb-nailto to pear it in mind with respect to rank growers like the 
all branches we be so disposed as to admit the Meer leaves. These 55 would then commence pitmaston Duchess. If they had д system of ben. 
sunlight aud air into ‘the middle of the кы, to grow again from the upper buds, and should be ing or twisting with rapid growers, they would obtain very | 
pinched back to two leaves eain five). Aerei mach better results in the long run and have less work fort 
ts should be as strong g^ bete а third pinching w sary i the knife. He found there was more harm done е 1 
— in order that a free flow of sap be main- autumn. The result of chis trcatnieht Would be pruning knife than from any other cause. М 2 
taiued, and the side shoots should be as weak as Mt the side- og We uld be thin and weak, andso Were sent out from the nurseries ani à spoilt in four or fte іу 
possible in order to favour the formation of fruit predisposed to form fruit-spurs, whilst the lending ses iE 
iom w be—t bk c s regitited for would hav 
shortened runing, stronger will be an ex nt of 
wth resulting from the — buds. After would consequently be strong, clean, and vigorous. 
all, one's Геле was quite as useful in pruning In the subsequent autumn or winter pruning of bse testimony to the value of t 
as the knife. To begin with a few «бінта зарсан let these side-shoots leave always on young and vigor- had lately с up the work of gre culture needed. 
them suppose that they had purchas ous trees three buds; on old trees, two would ji, leased to hear 
standard trees of Apple, Pears or шө which had suffice. The reason tor leaving three buds was, ewe emperor newly-plasted Й and he thot 
been well grown. If the trees were young, say that one or two- generally two—must make growth, might be taken for granted that as a rule newly: 
three or at years old, the shoots should be cut whilst they wanted the lowest one to remain nearly trees should be pruned. He knew there had been 4 
back to third of their Аы taking care to dormant, and just put out a leaf or two, so as to oversy on the subject, but he was not c 
pru ws an per ide bud, s o produce a W eps into a fruit-bud next year. The mode won. They should — bysom „а и 
with a. n head. The aap a бое! 5 was Mas ; mmer pruning often seen practised was very «путы муат In fact, a gres Йй ond te А 
the rdg iod Nm standard trees, t be for different to that here described. It consisted in individual j ‚гл h t had bens 8 
few years re good growth and form, fox ipti ‘allowing the side-shoots to grow freely until July, MY. Rivers said he could fully - d "ting va MER. 
heads which edd carry fruit for generations—and and then ч them hard back to two buds. The about twisting the branches. ges ob. 
success, and with cordon trees ae pinchibg е6 1 
those who sought to obtain fruit at 88 made a result was, that the shoots were far thi cker and d it should be dein Не was once in a garden 
fatal error. If young standard. trees were left stronger than they should be, and consequently fou. ЭМИ Da iab кыл The trees were beautifully 
unpruned they would make scarcely any growth more liable to make strong wood next season. arranged, but there was hardly a fruit n them. s | 
the following season, but the buds would just push The tree received a great check from the removal of asked the gardener whether there was any un 
out a few leaves and remaining nearly dormant, so much fo - -— — .. A er u " left nets orchard, and the gardener said there was. They had not g 
would, the following year, transformed. into almost certa reak out in the any fruit cio Be cordons wenns e, added the gard "ut 
bloom buds, and if these produced fruit the long season. Cloves pruning like this ашу Arete — were pruned on the professor's system babe n 
branches would broken down and the tree a tree into a dense thicket of shoots impervious to "egard to — pruning, he "thonght it was absolu ABS 
rui for life: if, on the other hand, one wished un or air, and totally unfitted for bearing fruit, Je над pe worth while 
— pron an Pee. pnek ащ € уе i ter planting, a ^ Close pruning was responsible for more failures in is pes € ii anon ve «c ane detis = before trans- 
ost, and it was often rden fruit culture than all other cau - with Res? 
very liflienlt | to find buds to prane to, as the buds ran her, and he blamed the method эр тм е абай c planting, in the same way as they ought to y 
9n the l E of Mee lo mg branches would pruning, because the trees pve Mn subjected to pn — RD said he would наут advise ke pening 
what were two close prunings a year instead of one, and thus should not be done the first year, As to prunin { 
became thickets in about halt thetime. Thereduction they were sent out from the то speaking è Tem | 
8 rine repel f until had to doa vast amount of packing, he wo vii wd | 
. ormed. As à ө dei had : to do the pruning, as nurserymen Were O° 33 (rra 
really developed bloo: m. bud on the s any growt tradesmen. But people would not like to Wg mum i 
extending beyond it might and should be removed, well pruned tree, because they would thin ered tbat | 
to e tree a neat a appearance, pre went the money. It should, however, be remem They RO 
the overcrowding of foliage, and have the fruit ag trees were entruste railway companies о шы | 
m strong shoots; older close to the main nt suppl as handled by inexperienced persons, and зоте pred, i ] 
Y bein If the trees were sent out er be got into pep 
rees merely required the longest ce Froits. — ould lik De 
shoots is shortening, in in order to maintain the Panne stone fruits ая AR tlie knife we deni sy СЕ — n2 
of the tree, an prevent their lower po one could d | form ч clear tbat 
o to save subsequent pruning the Mauri: e had made it quite ; 
bevin undeveloped : buds. It was fr 8 would the tree like it, and the бы тош. ld they be ae ade said bo hoped he was paced — 
visable to a out entirely a few of se nd ` troubled by gumming and other evils, ing to questions, he said that at pr — e 
а formed or specimen e ROOr-PRUNINd.— In the ihe - 
5 nted 
ees and ase of you ere aré a numb 
ev idt vin t was of — difficul hes. 
remarks — z no di pr: tyi ле x the — yr pruned at al! at the end of the brane 
hard back to 15 could only be treated by b т уно о the extended toa Ике the knife. As г s —— 
d to 15 or 18 inches from the sı сеч considerable йн, — ч; a great danger of and Plums—he believed most strongly in 
ground, and allowing them to start again if killing the tree. The modus operandi. ої - root- the time of planting. 
ene pruning was this: as early as possible in the season, (To be continued.) 
