584 
THE GARDENERS’ 
CHRONICLE. 
[NovsMBER 16, 18%, 
APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. 
т! 
ETING. 
SATURDAY, Nov. 16—Royal Botanic Society. 
164% e nd Pa Shows at Batley, 
SATURDAY, Nov. and Bao 
up. 
‘Paxton Chrysanthemum 
(two days). 
TUESDAY, Nov. 19 = Chrysanthemum (two 
ays 
e santhemum Shows E » ork 
9 tayer, ки в, Dun- 
Nov. of | am two days), 
and 
dee, Tonbr: s 
Helens 
vim reni [rem at Norwich, 
Aylesbur y, Glasgow, and War- 
Chry 
Nov. af 
WEDNESDAY, 
THURSDAY, 
wie 
Nov. 22— Manchester Chrysanthemum. 
SALES. 
Dutch Bulbs at Protheroe & Morris’ 
Rooms. 
Roses, Hardy Bulbs, and zas, 
Ferns, &c., at Protheroe & Morri 
Rooms, 
Nov. 18) Highly attractive and extensive 
sale of Nursery Stock at the Alma 
Nurseries, Farnh 3 os order ot 
LGB в: “Ride, by P & 
FRIDAY, 
MONDAY, 
s ( 
Nov. 19 1^ a Date ch Bulbs at Protheroe & Morris’ 
TUESDAY, 
Pul “Bulbs at Protheroe & Morris 
Room 
Great Consignment of Japanese 
Me Palm Seeds dores Spirzeas, 
at Protheroe Morris’ 
WEDNESDAY, Nov.20 
J Dutch Bulbs at Protheroe & Morris’ 
Nov. 21 Plants f kal Belgium, Roses, Ferns, 
&c., at Protheroe & "Morri 
Rooms. 
‚ Dutch Bulbs at Protheroe & Morris 
Nov. 22 4 Orchids коң Messrs, Charlesworth 
& Co., at Protheroe & Morris’ 
Xov. 8 
sls 
THURSDAY, 
FRIDAY, 
SATURDAY, 
ЗнО аерлар. FOR THE ENSU- 
XO WEEK, DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS 
OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK.—41°.7 
THE subject of Crabs has been 
written about by various oorre- 
spondents in these pages of late, 
and we have been thereby reminded of the great 
usefulness of the common Crab, Pyrus Malus 
acerba, Malus, the felted-leaved Apple, and P. 
sylvestris, the smooth-leaved variety; and, for 
that matter, of any seedling Apple trees, as 
wind-breaks or soreens, mixed with other trees, 
or alone in belts against sea-breezes, We know 
of scarcely any materials for this purpose which 
are better than the Maples, viz., Acer tatari- 
Crabs in the 
hardy interlacing 
Creepers as Clematis Vitalba, C. glauca, a Sibe- 
Chinese ; 
Flammula; 
the 
re tender plants oan be raised in perfect 
ы, ; and so long as they do not top the 
screen-plants, the wind will not harm them. It 
may not be generally known that the common 
Crab, green when unripe, but yellowing when 
allowed to ripen on the tree, makes the у 
finest of jelly, no «бэу of Apple being its 
in colour or tr: rency. The fruits for 
purpose should mt be peeled, and they 
| Crabs (Pyrus malus baocata) are 
in fr uit and blossom, but so f. 
ar 
of growth is 
being MIT 
with 
еа of the crop, and as they fruit re 
natural 
ment of а species i 
regularly, this habit becomes in part fixed. 
These varieties may not therefore form so good 
material for the outermost lines of wind-soreens, 
but rather for the inner face, Crabs, like other 
a 
and the planter must determine whioh he will 
as ornaments for the oonservatory in the spring, 
being quite as good in their way as the more 
commonly grown S icti nost Japanese varie- 
ties of Pyrus and Prunus; and like those, bear- 
ing gentle forcing. S have-only to inspect a 
picture by rtist to discover the varied 
beauty which lies in the flowers of the Crab. 
The shrub-like P. pumila of which we know 
the St. John’s Apple, otherwise Paradise, 
native of the Caucasus, and the Doucin, are 
varieties employed for the so-called dwarfing 
stocks for garden Apples, and they form good 
filling-in material between high trees, if afforded 
head-room, 
THE expression natural selection 
ne were сап hardly be considered to be as 
felioitous as it is familiar. The 
phrase must be taken in an arbitrary or meta- 
phorioal, rather than in a literal sense, Given 
tendency in plants or animals to vary, the 
variations which harmonise best with the con- 
ditions under which the plant is growing may 
become permanent, and may even асое 
tuated, so that g lly slight variation 
the full-bl timatel nder 
circumstances, the growth and develom 
is a very slow ; but the 
gardener does, in comparatively short time, the 
same sort of work which in Nature occupies 
ages in its accomplishment, The hybridist and 
gardener do actually — that variation which 
suits their purpose, and they continue to do so 
from generation to езт А till the variation 
beoo: The variation is encouraged 
and protected, just as in ordinary oultivation 
the plant is freed from the competition of rivals, 
and protected from the intrusion and assaults 
of enemies. 
The term adaptation is more expressive of 
what really happens in these cases than is 
selection. But the question arises as to the 
origin and cause of the adaptat Does the 
protoplasm of the plant or кышы, or, let us say 
briefly, does the plant adapt itse! tself to outward 
conditions о or do the outward conditions compel 
the plant to adapt itself to them or to suffer 
3 ? In other words, does the power or 
faculty of variation precede the action of the 
ions, or is it generated or oalled into 
operation by the influence of those conditi 
are 
interesting and suggestive volume he states the 
case clearly, and as it is one on which cultivators 
should have valuable information to offer, it is 
desirable to bring the book * under the notice of 
our readers, г. HENsLOW's volume is one 
sustained argument, but it is illustrated by so 
many points in which botanists and cultivators 
take special асыла that it will be perused by 
them with pleas 
Mr. Илипов В contention is that a change of 
ci s it, a “new envi 
ronment * doni 4 not » э " at all, but itself 
induces a plant to form variations, These v varia- 
* The ее Plant Structure, Г Self- Aae do. to the 
Environ: By Rev. GEO! ENSLOW, Жо. (KEGAN 
PAUL, — TRÜBNER & eo 0.) 
tions are definite, and not indefinite d 
variation being one having a definite rel 
to the action of the environment in the 
effeot to cause. 
It is ed certain that there is no 
selection; in any case, tbe word must be 
eber all only, and this being во, it bee 
estion whether there is in reality such a. 
difference between 
e of other people. 
These variations in struotu 
n of a new species, 30 | 
NSLOW'S words,“ the origin of speoi 
so long as 
growing, as 
under the same conditions. 
do not ocour “spontaneously,” how are 
account for the production of “ sports?” 
often occur simultaneously over wide 
o 
. 
sions or un-m 
characters, but what brings about the ol 
a particular time is not known, Th i 
shown by the facts just mentioned. 
. Henstow's arguments for the self- 
tion of Lag as the initial stage in the proc 
of speoies supported by а vast num 
facts, теде а the study of theo 
formation and internal organisation on of рї 
In this way, the struoture peculiar to i 
i desert regions or on the sea? 
whilst the care which M 
to give ohapter and verse for his £ 
thus to enable others to verify bis ; 
deserving of ample acknowledgment. 
index further facilitates the work of the 
to whom we cordially Фер 
this most suggestive 
