Novewser 23. 1895.] 
THE GARDENERS’ 
CHRONICLE. 
611 
Apple a Blenheim Orange is, and I have known 
the former cannot b 
twelve years old ; 
larly, and keeps а m month longer and better than the 
Blenheim Orange does, and without doubt is a far 
pes р all round. Again, Ч we look through 
pig Mi e find some 150 6 0 apparently 
more ipie m 80 ый we do not get 
much information from this source, By far the best 
plan, w it can be Ele . is to go to a good 
plaut; чыт а 
: self of ” лашу of the fruit, and suit one’s own 
individua 
'TRAINING, 
There are some five or six methods in general use 
for training the trees, e have the orchard 
standard, which, owing to its size, is quite unsuitable 
e away too 
much nutriment from the ground, but prevent light 
six years old, 
quently grown, It is similar 4 bes above, but the 
rt spurs, which are 
thus giving us a bearing tree some two or three 
years earlier. 
W mall garden is very limited, the 
walk is often ы by espaliers; these are trees 
branches about 
un 
same plane, an 
by being fastened to wires stretc 
post, They usually bear well, a if em iden, 
broken 
fro 
light and air, and plante will not thrive Wee there 
a garden; in fact, 
wh 
very liable, when the stalks are long, to get ee. 
ch, the sun can 
ae си at one aide 
uced i Wear surface by d a half, as 
those | ка ds A the wall cannot, о come to 
maturity. Such trees should be 5. — about 15 feet 
apart, and should never be tied permanently to either 
с ог wire ге uc have 5 in md ground for 
four to and have had time to 
— ч set tle, аз "a rwise aiio of the smaller 
branches € probably become damaged through - 
pon them by the tree sinking. Tree 
Parva against wires or walls in the shape of 
fai; * there is more trouble in t these than 
paliers, and they do not cover surface 80 
well and evenly as the former до. Е 
es, Peaches, &c, this method is, phun 
more suitable, as the growth of these kinds of 
trees is not 80 robust as with Pears and Apples 
de 
of в letter T the t two side branches E the top 
re about 9 inches to 
8% they have to be transplanted ofte pre 
them cankering ; they are nu very liable to bechoked 
by surrounding plants, and the fruit and wood do not 
become properly ripe. They should be planted 
about 12 feet apart. 
ges are made of — trees — 2 feet, apart, 
Which are alao used ering w hese are 
trees with straight stems upon — no branches 
allowed to develop; во soon as the ee 
hes 
to grow any 
time becomes thickly studded with spurs, as they are 
usually called, клещ? which the fruit is borne. They 
have to be conti d transplanted, unless they are 
allowed to grow to a great height, otherwise they 
grow too fast and will canker through being pruned 
where no other kind of trees would be suitable, or 
where several kinds of fruit are being tried for 
experimental purposes and little room can be given 
to them, They are usually grown rs aem sani 
во that the fruit hangs away from the 
as possible; they sometimes take the 2 of the 
letter U. 
We now come to the buch tree, which requires but 
very little е 2 е but is very liable to 
spread about too m for smal garden, but 
there are a few kinds 5 fruit ‘that will grow in no 
other way; when such kinds are required, there is no 
other alternative than to grow them in thi А 
(That now before you is а Jargonelle Pear about 
dd enm y 1а, bea gularl 
rs o 
as only been transplanted once during 
that. — у t they are planted closer than 4 to 
5 feet apart, they would require to be taken up every 
three or four years, 
The best of all trees, and undoubtedly that mos 
suitable for small gardens, is the pyramid, This 
tree has a straight stem through the centre, with the 
branches radiating out from it on all sides, and when 
y twice a year. 
thickly, produce the finest- 
flavoured fruit that can be got, and, if proper sorts 
are grown, will fruit regularly every year. The plan 
I myself adopt is to plant them 5 feet apart all ways, 
branches to grow lower than 12 
to 15 inches from the ground; dwarf Beans, Peas, 
Spinach, Lettuce, &c., then grown in тота 
between them. 
Having decided upon e: shape of the tree a ae 
to grow, the next point to settle is whether we 
will graft our own, buy nice trees, or those which 
are already set with fruit-buds. 
GRAFTING. 
Grafting is very interesting work, but not to be 
recommended except for experimental purposes, as 
one- sides trees, or “ maiden," a 
cost only 104. to 1s. 62. each, and will commence to 
fruit in two or three years; fruiting trees cost from 
bear the next year if kept 
of place he grafti ing. 
Young well-rooted trees about the siz of one’s little 
tocks, are procured from 
wn 
tightly together, care being 
bark of one is at the es of the other, so — 
the sap which rises between the hard w 
bark can make р easy passage th 
the other; it will not matter if the 
opposite side do not touch, but the nearer they 
re the better. Clay, well-kneaded with horse- 
hair, is then packed closely round the joint in 
he of egg to kee > ou 
it to dry у, and probably prevent it 
from cracking ; all cracks must be filled up as воо 
Y. аге used according 
t trees can profitably be made use of by cutting 
back half the branches to within 6 inches of the 
stem; on to these are grafted 
zcions, The year following the other half should be 
cut back and grafted in the same "t they not 
un ова? commence to bear the year. 
a 
Pra 
As the future of the v фон — «m the 
са 
g it to absorb as much oxygen at possi 
and it should be only jast as deep as чн allow the 
tree to be buried to the same depth as 
must be large беч] rp chere chi 
out straight on all sides. Care should also be taken 
tbat the not become dry or touched by 
the frost during зите. and before they are planted 
all damaged roots s 
knife, otherwise they will become dise nd will 
njur tree. ore planting, tie the up 
fibrous roots around the t e lace the 
tree firmly in the centre of the hole, spread out the 
lower roots evenly all round, and if gon and — 
stake them in position should this 
work in loose earth around — between ‘nde fill 44 
to the upper lot of roots and tread down lightly, 
The upper roots should now be untied, laid out all 
round, and covered with loose loam, to which a little 
lime has been added, and the whole trodden firmly 
о When а 50000 person's stance can be 
procared to keep the tree rei it will make the 
Mac ап the easier, If the trees are received from 
the nursery directly the leaves have fallen, and at 
once pe Д they will get thoroughly settled in by 
he autumn rains yw the frost comes, and will 
commence growing as th 
the spring, and will then experience hardly any check 
at 27 “pipet nid would do if planted in the spring. 
h y aphis or Кеба blight is about 
in iili 12 ses re * Apple trees, I might 
just ыы нед that the best way to get rid of it ів to 
e part affected with a hard paint t brash 
a weak solution of paraffin and water, 
trees do in 
, Рвоміха. 
Trees, like children, to be 
be wem — recen wh 
—.— 
„ upon the ri variety. For 4 
grow v 
continue in this form will айы ‘them 
very little fruit, if any, and thie of a cate inferior 
wards and away from the centre, Agai n, some оа 
hati 
last buds left are under ones, as in — маа 
case, the п grow down to the ground ; 
in this pee" a din bed must be left to continue 
the bran When the branch is vitem long 
to allow T n being duplicated at end without 
fear of c a point where 
tbe last efie ome impiego en ле t one is 
exactly the ; these two buds can 
then 11 4 ll form a V at the 
end of the origiaal brauch; but when the two ends 
of the V sre about 1 foot apart, on should 
2 е any part of the tree to become crowded. 
As rule, the last аи buds оп a са, 
will gf аг out and m new growths, while the 
remainder, if the tree is healthy and not too vigorous, 
will develop i into frait Made, во that with this know- 
ledge in view we can always prune our trees to form 
branches Б whatever direction we like, It is a 
