612 
THE GARDENERS’ 
CHRONICLE. 
[№оувмвев 93, 1895. 
moot point as to when те смет be pruned ; some 
say during summer and a n, whereas others do 
not agree with this, Freiraum uid the tree is harmed 
thereby, and that all pruning should be left till the 
autumn ; again, those who advocate spring pruning 
give it as their opinion that the newly-cut parts are 
liable t ы гей by the frost coming before they 
have o heal over when carried out in the 
tumn. 
There is no doubt that there is some foundation 
for all these assertions, but, on the other hand, if the 
judgme 
фр e " the tree is 
n 
prune only the side-shoots back to two eyes, and not 
9 the end shoots at all. The вар, then, is checked 
very little, and the surplus which is not required 
dormant, and form fruit-blossoms for next year; if, 
however, there is not sufficient fruit on the tree to 
absorb this surplus sap, only the upper of the two 
while the remaining bud will be 
op into a fruit-bud. ere, then, is à 
distinct gain of one year, for if the shoot had to 
develop into fruit-buds by the following spring; the 
remainder of the tree is then pruned in the autumn 
directly the sap has ceased to flow, and the newly- 
eut parts will dry before the frost comes on, when 
no harm will result, When the tree is in the con- 
dition it should be in, ea d 'any ligi. will be 
necessary, other than cutting back the LU at 
the ends of t the branchen to 6 inches from th 
There another advantage ordi oes 
that should m be overlooked, and that is, is, cut * 
and air will more freely circulate in an tt 
tree, and S bearing properties be weer deere. in- 
reased through the wood being ripened, that is 
becoming yam ge rough the sap being, to a certain 
extent, dried up, and the fruit is better matured, 
"E 
Ф 
SELECTION ОЕ VARIETIES, 
s already pointed out, a difficulty that always 
arises is the choice of varieties most suitable to 
small-growing trees, and therefore a little guidance 
as to the best kinds to grow will not be out of place. 
Tastes vary very considerably; but for my own part, 
I prefer Apples which are crisp, 2 and ee 
and with the later kinds, good keepers, and not 
liable to get woolly (early kid should чана; һе 
eaten direct off the trees, as they soon lose their 
freshness); in the case of Pears, they should be 
luscious, j juicy, and remain ripe for some time before 
ng rotten or aleepy. 
The following varieties of dessert 
nearly 
Apples 
falfil the above conditions as pos- 
Teliable and с 
sible, are and constant croppers, and 
will give а continual supply s AT or 
eleven dz, :— re Qaar- 
renden (w „ however, will not tu cold, 
— localities) (Irish Peach)* ; September, Wor- 
ester Pearmain (Lady Sadeley) ; October, Mother; 
Novem ber to January, Cox’s Orange Pippin (King of 
"hired February to June, Sturmer Pippin; April 
ay, Allen's Everlasting, Should only one be 
Pi Cox's Orange Pept should be grown ia 
preference to all others, a 
vember to J 
Constant bearers, than few 
varieties, Higtly-coloured Apples, grown prin- 
Ute e pu Mu TH, MNA. princ 
kinds, parenthe'es give а more extended list of good 
cipally for е a usually soft and woolly; some, 
however, prefer them. 
Cooking Aoii are basgaid so cheap, that they 
are hardly worth grow. unless one has plenty of 
ing, 
room; but the following varieties are good bearers, 
April, Lane’s Prince Albert. 
in the spring of es year pa during summer, Lane’s 
Prince Albert should be wn in preference to the 
others, where n cannot * grown, as they give a 
supply from November to April (six monthe).“ 
(To be continued.) 
FORESTRY, 
————$9——— 
THE 3 OF THE FORESTER. 
Мв. Еовв tter on this subject in your last 
nu згу т гаівев а gon ion which has 
nyour columns before, b 
кагыт ыш It is perfectly true that, with the 
exception of a few great estates in Scotland, a few 
Royal and Government forests in England, and here 
and there a property whose owner is in the happy 
position of being entirely independent of the income 
a 8 
forestry instituted, lectures and articles on the 
subject without end may be written, but all 
will be perfectly useless, because the 
who "ic VR manage ow 
is purely speculative, and in my 
3 
8 
not many scientific foresters, there were plent у 0 
рента woodmen who knew their business and did 
it. In those days there was some 9 of a dar 
return for their labour and o 
e$ 
E 
I 
s and plantations on eur property in 
Езра" which T а ipn ten or twenty years 
e bee ma to pay a fair rate of 
8 on unis ide. pot it would do more to 
encourage scientific forestry than all the talking, 
lecturing * * ing in the world; but either such a 
thing does n г the conditions are во ex- 
ceptionally нача за they 
ordinary practice. Is there 
w 
me 
other country far cheaper and in many cases better 
than in e ? If so, I have not discovered it, 
and I have seen more of the foreste of North America, 
rcd and India, than и out of ten of those who 
tal u pei venis 
was one aren dot & long time did seem 
as if it would pea а source of profit to many English 
planters. I mean, of course, the Larch; but what is 
present condition of half the Larch plantations in 
nd 2 twenty years old? and what have the 
scientific foresters done, or what can they do to atop 
the progress of a disease which seems to be spreading 
and increasing everywhere? As far as my experience 
goes, absolutely nothing. 
г. Forbes says very truly that the ~~ of 
British woodlands owe their existence to the game 
they harbour, and I believe it is a literal fact that 
the most scrubby, E MAN neglected woodlande, 
if well situated for game р preserving, are worth d 
PX to-day to “п or to let, and give more satisfac 
to their owners than the most scientifically- 
— forests oot there is no game, 
* 
е paper was illustrated with practical demonstrations 
of the а methods of grafting, samples of well an d badly- 
p n branches, beides a good collection of the above-named 
КЕЕ. 
Another reason for the neglect of fo 
England is the absence of rooy i 
the produce. 
rule, he о 
s0 оп. 
but he does not like to turn his woodmen off, and 
at any rate the money stays on the „ But 
he hates the very name of a timber merehant, who 
is most difficult to deal with in such transactions as 
an average landowner has to do with, If he can 
e 
and 
the young e plants are not totally 
crippled or бегей by rabbite, drought, spring 
frosts or insect pests, he thinks himself lucky, and 
though he may plant for ornament or shelter, he 
now hardly ever plants for profit. 
І have often thought that a time must come when 
the price of Eaglish timber will rise considerably— 
and no doubt this time will come; but whether the 
successors of the men who planted it will get any 
adequate return for its original cost is as much 3 
supporters of the bill have any idea of, When they 
have starved out the land-owner they will want the 
State to do what he used to do, but the goose will be 
killed by that time, and it will be too late to cry 
out. H. J. Elwes, Colesborne, Cheltenham, : 
WEST INDIAN PLANTS: 
Сувторооом Ұоорғоврі, Benth, ( 
Wooprorni, Lindl ).—In опе or two 15 
nada this О /cbid is fairly common. Along the roadside 
on stiff loamy soils it grows naturally, and also near sí 
hand oftentimes its greenish- purple scapes may be 
observed quite at home in swampy flat patches of 
land, prone out of the Sedges and other 
vi 
a 
upon the authority of Crueger, 
flowers are “ white, with a yellow spot on n 
This reference seem: to me to raise & iod "T 
growing in the Arips s& i 
Trinidad (B. W. I.), about three years since 
brought to mind the Lily of the Mess 
Grenadan C. Woodfordi — 
whi ut, on t m is 
When со 
төзү material last уе E 1 обе 0 
ш {о ueculent 5 pliable, and the pee 
brittle, It flowers during the months of 
September, and possibly W 
Botanic Garden, Grenada, В. W. 1, 
PorrPoDiUM 5 x1PHOPTEROID FOU 
Jen 
. 8p. 
Stipites tufted, wiry, ‘orm, stiffly erect, 
waked, slightly ла, margined to the zm 
or inches ier: fronda bipinnatifd, ee 
green, naked, 4 to 6 in ches long, 1} to 2 leltoid spor- 
suddenly reduced at the base to minute delto абві 
ike segments, the x terminating in 2 Pise, bat 
pinna 1 to 1} inches long, broadest at the 
arna similar to the lateral ones; ux lines wide, 
linear, 2 to 14 inch long, 1} to 
