646 
THE GARDENERS’ 
asked by correspondents as to my method of cultiva- 
marks in the 
viz., three-quarters loam, one quarter Fuss 
and rotted dung, with sufficient sharp sa 
the mass porous. The tubers should be usd 2 
the end of the month of September, one tuber being 
placed in a 16-sized pot. The potting should be 
prise d them in a cold frame, with abundance 
of air, afford water just sufficient to keep the soil 
moi не} till growth commences, when, provided the 
drainage is good. ade will Fue abundance. As 
ure-water ahould be 
affi t that time the 
змы should be taken to an airy ions not pervious 
t, and a sharp look-out kept for green-fly, the 
e and flower-buds being very soon disfigured by 
these insects. The plants usually come into bloom 
by the beginning of the month of March. After 
yellow, water should be gradually withheld, the pota 
being laid finally on "mie sides out-of-doors till 
i he most important 
ough ripening of the 
неъ А oubtſul. The 
fl at of some of the 
Vandas. & 7 Wood, Heathfield Sardo, Reigate, 
THE FLORA OF KASHMIR. 
Tux report on the valley of ages by Mr. 
Walter R, Laurence, the Settle 
a list of the plants which ma 
o pias ood of Gulmarg, and this list is of 
especial value, seeing that no list of plantas of the 
Kashmir valley has as уеб been published. In 
dealing with the Flora of the Kashmir valley and 
mountains, the commissioner has confined his 
attention to those planta and trees which possess 
some well-known economical value for the people, 
As the Kashmiris turn nearly every plant and tree 
to some use, 
growing thing, it will be seen that Mr, Lanrence's 
task was o means an easy one, 
The various zs indien d -— € have been 
grou r their sever mic uses and 
— “4 there are fourteen divisions in all :— 
ondim Medi 
| icines, 
x 8 | 85 isons. 
3. Dyes and Tans | 10 nts. 
4, Fibres. | 11. Soap and Alkali 
5. Fodders. | 12. Timber 
6. Foods and Fruits | east. 
7. Hair-washes., | dulterants. 
Kashmir is very rich in fibres, and the natives 
make great use of them. Mr, Laurence thinks that 
it is possible, as communications with India improve, 
a trade in fibres may be de 
boatmen of Kashmir good quality, 
and it is stated that i UAE the cotton 
fibre is the best material 
The Burza or Paper Birch i is of эбе importance 
to the Kashmiris, the bark being used to perform 
the duties of rough paper, and ^d roofs of all the 
better class of houses and of shrines 2 ſormed of 
Birch bark, on which a thick layer of e 
weather, swamps of Kashmir, the 
folowing — 2 to de found growing wild :— 
: od one ag 
т у Кагуа! етох. 
Water Lily Nympheea stellata. 
» е. LII 
Sacred Lotis — — 
л d Calamus, ч 
Масе » Typha speci es 
Of the fruits o t a following are in- 
- apu 3 arts of the valley. 
Mr, Laur 
of the cultivated 1 trees, but that it is by no means to 
despise e Mulberry, Bitter Cherry, Plum, 
Apple, Par Wu Walnut, Pomegranate; the 
Raspberry, Blackberry, Bramble, Strawberry, Goose- 
berry, Red Currant, Black Currant, Bird Cherry, 
Barberry, Elæagnus, Beam A Hazel, and 7 
Rose. The Raspberry and the Currants 
cording to Mr. Laurence, equal to the cultivated 
varieties of Europe. 
The Kashmiris fake agr pains with their hair, 
and besides usin and oil, they employ 
known as Zonir, mixed with butter; and to induce a 
curliness of the hair, they employ а wash mad 
from Corydalis Falcone L nce gives 
list of the mor n medicinal herbs, but the 
task is a diffi me, for the haki f Kashmir, 
the native physicians, attribute some property to 
every plant. are used for scents, the 
most important of the aromatic plants of Kashmir 
being the Saussurea [?]. 
Kashmir is rich in forests, which produce a great 
variety of timbers, the most valuable being that of 
the Deodar. A Department of Forestry has lately 
been formed under the supervision of а European 
forest officer, and it is hoped that the indiscriminate 
and wanton destruction of foreste, which has been al- 
lowed to proceed for 80 lon ng, will cesse, It fe curious 
at 
Mr. Laurence’s book is a valuable contribution 8 
the economic flora of India, and we trust he m 
some day find time to pursue his researches on vin 
botany of the Kashmir valley a little further, H. C. F. 
THE WEEK's W ORK. 
THE KITOHEN GARDEN. 
рн чке LAMBERT, Gardener, Powis Castle, Welshpool. 
URING, TRENCHING, AND DIGGING.—An 
diet. ени be made at this season to 
much of the kitchen garden as possible, in prepara- 
tion са т ч year's crops, 
carted or w 
9 are broad and 
except when it is dry or f. ens which 
it is customary to trench to а depth of 2 to 24, or 
feet, put the top spit into the bottom of each 
trench, the at that depth is equal to the top in 
fertility, and may safely be brought to the top 
think 24 feet is deep eno dig for mos r- 
poses, and in but few gardens i - the bottom soil equal 
to that at the s nless it has been placed 
there when trenching the — case the soil at 
the — is not so good, d trenching is the 
of doing the work. In bastard trenching, 
the Soi at the bottom of the trench should bs broken 
up, manured, and dressed with lime or soot, or bot 
The lime and soot should be intimately mixed with 
the soil, an е Manure beneath the upper 
spit on the top of the shovellinge, which should not 
be less than 2 inches thick. If the land is retentive 
t n one of the 
pu A е present is the best season to appl 
it. ‘coon it comes from the purifier 'at the 
needing to 
i se 
over each spit of EM or dug soil. It may be 
the rate of one handful 
CHRONICLE. 
[NovemBer 30, 1895, 
to one чором yard. If gas-lime be used at 
rate or les 
may 
be used of \ this vai io over the nie of the 
entire garden, an e used among almost 
kind of crop if used with due care and ing — 
THE ORCHID Romi 
Ву W. H. WHITE, Orchid Grower, Burford, 
NES, OR INDIAN crocuses Ж pat 
of Pleiones have been very gay for the p 
wW 
sed for decorativa 
Tede for a pesi 
purposes, space should be 
By the time 
plants even in à small collection, 
nof necets 
them annvally, unless the soil a become soured, 
as they may be grown in for a 
couple of seasons and still produce => of blooms, 
It is immaterial whether ordinary — pans or 
ots be m. excepting that pans are where 
space is lim Whichever be used, plenty of clean 
crocks should be afforded, ав с 
and merely pull о 
beyond the main €— of the clumps, which may be 
for eee tock. The co 
ual Si: of fibry loam, 
sphagnum iia — mixed with a so qug 
of coarse silver sa ome growers make use of ! 
mixture of m ana leaf-20'l, -— p finely broke | 
erocks, with equally good results; and I have 00 — 
— observed plants doing weil in гіна peat 
nd s m Wherever it is eis 
spaces enel the pseudo-bulbs should be 
with the roughest portions of ә M wy grin 
preference to spha; moss 
of moisture. When repotting is "inel, the pit 
ould be placed the roof glass in 
р пеаг лы g bé aod 
varieties mentioned, there 
iana, and its pretty variety brachyglossa 
from greater elevations, which do bes 
close to & ventilator in the Odontoglossu 
cient in quantity to нти. “the pse 
shrivellin, 
THE HARDY FRUIT We 
Aik Pork. Gardener, Highclere Castle, Newbury. 
7. BU ETC. UN er 
USH aae "m 
branches or shoots should be cut away. 
deners are ——— to — the pruning of 
berry bushes till the аргіп as to 
fruit. buds being left for a crop, p, and 
form the bush after the birds have despoile 
and where this od to be b the bushes 
bundled up n as the jl «^d 
fallen, which will "re end t the birde gaining 
