Science in Conservation During ll^ar Times 55 
lead to the conclusion that there are largely administrative, 
but such IS not the case. The farther the work proceeds the 
more certain it becomes that the answer to any one of the 
questions involves careful research which an agency such as 
the Conservation Commission is not prepared to carry on. 
I 
The Commission is concerned in research work from another 
angle. This work is being conducted through what is known as 
the Federal Aid to Wildlife Program. Funds for this work are 
made available through the excise tax on arms and ammunition; 
seventy-five per cent of the funds are made available by the fed- 
eral government and the state agency contributes twenty-five 
per cent. This program provides for a limited amount of research 
work. The nature of the research w^ork conducted under this 
project is somewhat different from the cooperative research work 
just mentioned. It takes on more of the nature of field investi- 
gation. The Federal Aid to Wildlife Program is not limited to 
investig-ative or research work, but because of the newness of 
the wildlife program in Missouri and the need for establishing 
foundation facts, Missouri has chosen to devote the major part 
'of its allotment of Federal Aid to Wildlife funds to field investi- 
gative work which will ultimately lead to the development of our 
action program. The underlying objective of Missouri's effort 
during the past five years has been the investigation of the incen- 
tives needed to encourage adoption of practices favorable to 
restoration and increase of wildlife resources. Even in this pro- 
gram there have been many phases of work that have required 
coordination wath the research unit at the University. The result 
has been that there has been no duplication of effort, but both the 
cooperative research program and the Federal Aid to Wildhfe 
Program have dove-tailed into a research or investigative project 
which has fully carried out the principles oudined in this dis- 
cussion. As a simple example of the results of this type of ap- 
proach as a foundation to wildlife management, mention can be 
made of the farm pond program. Research investigation, in co- 
operation with the Federal Aid to Wildlife Program, had shown 
that one of the outstanding needs of w^ildlife restoration in Mis- 
souri was an adequate distribution of watering areas. The inves- 
tigations carried on subsequently by the Federal Aid to Wildlife 
project pointed the way to cooperation with landowners in estab- 
lishing these watering areas by means which also furnished the 
farmer better live stock ponds. 
A Second objective of the Federal Aid to Wildlife Program 
was the development of foundation plans for w^ildlife "manage- 
ment for the various species in the State. Founded upon the 
