20 NEW TRACKS IN NORTH AMERICA. | 
Rita Copper Mines,* they carried on mining for many years, | 
and, as the ruins of a large prison bear testimony, obliged the | 
natives by main force to work the mines as their slaves. AS | 
in- other places, so it happened here, the white men were 
‘swept from the soil, and all mining ceased. When the gold 
mines in California were discovered, and parties of emigrants 
commenced to cross the continent on their way thither, many} 
chose the southern route by the 32nd parallel; and aftet 
d 
Fort Cummings and Cooke’s Beuk. | 
! 
Cooke had made two successful trips, had explored the pas ¥ 
which now bears his name, and had shown that water could [ 
be obtained at certain places all the way to California, thi [ 
Toute gained favour. Cooke’s emigrant road, however, BY 
dreadfully roundabout; and the sufferings of the emigrant | 
Ojo Calientes Gea Mines are forty-one miles from Fort Cummings, 7 
en) ere renee ad 110 
miles from Masti ayard, ninety-five from Fort Craig direct, an o 
