purs 1 THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 125 
Гов BARLEY AFTER WHEAT, 
24 cwt. of Peruvian 0 
common salt . 
EUR EAA 
Tons, £ 
2 6 Gua .. 250,000 .. 3,000,000 
2 0 Bon аца -. 40,000 .. 940,000 
ul 
vx M es eme «ы “made 
.. 15,000 
NET E jt wil be both interesting and 
с from 
а 14 6 С bones and bone-ash . .. 110,000 
«‹ Besides which,” adds Mr. Hudson, “ I consumed dur ing the roles карш s made from Aa 12,000 360,000 
last 12 months in t рос and cattle feeding, LE of 30001. Nitra Boda 13/000 E 195,000 
worth of linseed -" Now, sir, what do these artificial reed завоз. n5 E 6000 :' 90,000 
dressings cost this great and doom OR; agriculturist? ИШ, Other substance = Es ч ' 50,0 
taking the Peruvian guano at 13s. p 57 the superphosphate m : 
at 6s. 8d., the vere x soda at 14s апа the common s alt 
as for 
hem employed in England—erushed bon: 
first а in Cheshiro, f for um n же Von off oui 
М bout the ear ly pari is century ; 
gjemt. to 2 tons per acre, an Deni een 
К tof bones will suffice for Grass lands that аге 
o im i ne у E^ h 
Total 491,000 4,650,000 
Now, we vonipare the weight of thes rtificial dressings 
Th e Wur e + vd .. £2 18 8| with. thor of the 60,000,000 tons of farmyard- -manure I have 
The White Toss ЕА ez * HS * 1 0 0|taken in my es estimate, we see that in weight the artificials 
at AM e © : 3 r ceni f that of 
э 
А t t 
yet we have the ped ih Tor m of those grea The сны after Wheat у. | 
any 
stok-owners to the effect that ones are the cheapest 
E for mowing unds," especially upon 
d MM ONDE the 
ards the 
n Notti Ed. for Lir at 
ИК at а созі of say 5l. "рег кгз Then 
sphatie and nitrogenous manures used by 
g 
е. 
E 
i 
————— | 20 per cent., ог 1-5th of that of all the farmyard-m: of our 
£8 2 8]|islands. 
Н 
п 
8 
E 
um 
В. 
А 
= 
5 
Lj 
ен 
E] 
= 
= 
zEE 
2 
Or an average outlay рег acro f Р $ In mining the advantage of using artificial 
eto pon pen » of ааа 0 dressings, we must regan rd e 
If we add to thi т acr xpended on the oint of view that bs farmer considers 
dta in ollicake. pu^ be, with the Tamworth the use ca , 
Me ro. [Vie ту ко or ii эе be ne uen 10 The use a this kind of food we are all aware has long since 
Rapar — А be remunerative in the mere return of E sen ud 
i modern farmer uses cake not for its fattening qualities one, 
umi 8. Pissa Jarni aa n’s farm for . £212 g|but for the largely increased value it imparts to the dung of 
ock,- Oileake, 
- 
L 
gE 
A 
983 
= 
p 
1 
2E 
2% 
SE 
Е с 
REE 
i 
REI 
g 
Ё 
ҮНДҮ 
[НЫ 
чинк 
c Й. ЁЛ 
В: 
Ur 
Е - 
ЕЕЕ; 
Fog 
BET 
Beg 
о 
БЕР 
Tr 
Ic] 
ER 
v 
T 
БЕЗЕ 
Pise. Ms ost abo xit 8d. per bushel, 
an outlay Ф "s al. ы азс and yet these sprats, 
y fairly eno: c 
will now refer to the of these абон for a | the modern artificial manures ; and of these cakes, let us not. 
aro still largely employed as manure by our eastern ler 
I 
forget, 108,126 tons were imported in n 
hitherto irach ino отону пере portion of the | ae dob Lis tone were imported Messrs. Whealler & Sons 
who i 
E 
id 
E] 
eU 
8 
em 
ES. 
TER 
Tu 
Si 
& 
9:4 
т 
Ei 
R 
R 
nent cake merchants 1 
I am ready to admit that there h as recently been more care | were imported in 1861. Add to this the 1,330,623 quarters of 
bestowed on top dressing permanent Grass lands than was till | Linseed, апа 269,403 quarters of Rapeseed imported in 1860, 
We have unanswera| ce th h i n 
283 
ET 
t is only about 20 years = Toe the great зу ment 
ief modern artificials commenced, Liebig rst 
erp 
4 
d 
E 
EB 
>S 
1: 
E 
s 
88: 
о 
[^ 
Emo 
Hg 
о 
те 
BER 
= 
z 
о 
prs 
RBS 
=, 
SET 
ч с 
сл 9 
PE 
SEZ 
Ho 
чоп» 
des 
42178 
48 
e 
7p E 
Bg 
о 
E 
о 
dmg 
i 
А 
Ё. 
е 
$ 
3 
to а simi un rin ast ye: imported. A 
very briefiy shown by a practical farmer, Mr. James Porter, of | Messrs. Whealler & Sons, that in 1861 there were eas 
Monymusk, in Aberdeenshire, in a report ““ Оп Top-dressing | into this TT ü Aet 000 quarters of Lins сй 
Pasture," for which the Highland Society awarded him their 510,000 qrs. from wd m In die 
gold medal. * After varied and numerous trials for ny 491, A ars. from k Sea. 
кер ngland. yea 
that nitrate of soda w. s Бейш ng to 24 
not till pues. ки after this that any considerable 
te of ammonia were instit оой 
Жы 
E 
dt 
h х years of a great variety of artificial manures, I have," he says, 196, 000 qrs. from саен 
It із instructive t vo the rapid rate at which ыле е ш ж piat. guano, gate of мошои 80,000 qrs. from sundry places. 
-these artifici i nitrate of soda, and soot are the best ight dressings for new ST EU 
1 Ee "te Men җае VPN im o p y ae th o De г ed red ы Of these 1 dee d EH . there rted about 100,000 
value 0з. i i = е were re-expo! abou! 
of the Lookerbie Vale of Annan Seotch Club, (and. Наа Mie чонан guess ате адн Е des р 
qrs., leaving 1 ‚177,000 qrs. x be converted into cake, This, 4 
reported іп the year 1851, that “ the farmers of their district | in which he applied each man t 8 ate of 405, an acre, | а proximate estimate, would d produce of Linseed cake 
are во convinced of the advantages of using extra manures, | He found the value of the € hay per acre produced to be at 3s. 180,000 tons; add to this the cake im ported in S 120, d, 
that it is х я m А; ips et 2-5 Дел 3 e of | per cwt., as fi llows ; | tons; and it leaves a total et «ыы tons зата E 
guan cre are not added to the ng. | large amount of 300,000 tons of са! e employed in stock ind aed 
dnd they added t e very important conclusion, “ Club are k s к y from the e eR An pas wonh per £217 0 | in 1861, which, at 10L per ton, is equal in ue to 3,000,000. 
that 32s. per imperial acre тазу be profitably ex- m f yard dung (19 6d.) | . 315 0116, however, the evidence of some of th best agriculturists 
anure when 15 yards of dung only ean be | 5° uvian guano ri "P C) 0 | of our island is to be acted upon—if it is essential to the most 
applied, Five years after this we find, in 1855, ntie que чау 4. Nitrate of soda `` м , i Wr 416 9 | profitable farming, that from 20s. to 938, per acre eod be 
| Th tity of ra manures 5. Sulphate of aont LÀ А; 5 4 3 | yearly invested in artificial manures, then how ei rt are 
| practice which is Шир (em 6 rphosphata of lime. 2 Y з 3 уе of applying the full «Мед of these dressings to re 2 
eral, o: m ing bones, either raw or dissolved, р т 4,705,000L, which we have just seen is about the val ue of 
the farmyard dung." And in, the 
4 
| The 
The amount of extra dressings employed at Castleacr for the | hi ificial dressi t present used in our islan 
Grasses are thus described in a recent letter to me by Mr. ue сани» ressings М КЫ. sth і. ad 
ас ** For Clover, Toon eui poe ckling, I consider е arable soils) about 4. less 
ЯЗ eighth of what is deemed the most айуап! igeous amount to be 
ЫЗ | expe if w of Englis 
and 
"DE with guano and 
next year (1856), the same club remarks in their et 
beyond all doubt that the additional expense of 25s. per 
i forraw bones, or 15s. for „dissolved bones, will 
за PT of Turnips ata very low rate 
fein udo ad uch to the permanent condition of 
tributo of 
——asly,let м utlay 1 thi тми additi e опг во ej ewe » og 
еі ES "a ы at is {һе prese 1 cwt. of & i © E .. £0 13 0|estimate I am including the en e oilcal 
Ё UMP бы Er rists on tl Sy р opinion of 1 си of itrato of soda .. 55 ii .. 014 6| whereas it would be much nearer the truth if, adopting the 
1 ertilisers. 2 cwt. common salt .. E Fi - 0 2 0]|estimate of the Tamworth Agricultural Association, I carried 
de sd d e eawig, writing on co i | only one-third of its value to the manure, and the remaining 
Mh fit, an essay for which the Highland | No ow, this is an eed се жыз Grasses of about £l 9 6| расе thirds to its value as food of stock; and if that is the 
а have recently awarded its author tbeir | per acre for artificial ma: rrect way of putting it, then we have an average value of 
us, “Take the case of a farm of 300 acros fertilizing matters added t to the soils of our island per acre in 
m; ur Б ас ue сз в cut " Һау, 75| 2. Present Use of ri ifti cial Manures.—It& must be artifi cial manures dn, А „одой сер ет овое а 104., ог 
р angels, Cabbage, and C. ^ 1 1 1 only about one-fifth о! уа of the artifieia i 
il would apply to the Grass im March 2 owt. o> | €Vident to every one that the steady increase in the nly 
use e mace during the last S ot Ык bir Aa the beet раа аа deemed to be pro- 
A І fear, rather confuse the inquiry by 
ieulturists of our islands are general ly convinced" e sometimes, ә 
that the outlay for the purchase of these fertilisers іє | SeParating „00. 6 elo ey де; 2 ferent iui of bm inl 
money well наь а + 1 ids d 
Letu little into the probable extent to which only to ey 
the Чен a богу st used. Suchan шашгу pan boon Siriar 
made by Professor Anderson, who hag, give 
oF P. Avian guano Жз acre, and top-dress 
1 of Peruvian guano at the first hoeing. To the 
y Paro per ac 2 cwt. of su uperphospbate апа 3 ewt. 
acre at sowing, adding to the Mangels 
We veda З the practice thus 
a total use manure to 
E 
atl9&  .. estimate of the money-value of the o; Тыке а aunually 
Ур m 18s, A at THE А. r d in this country. He estimates theland under tillage in ce ch ec M rg stance fha EISE 
Fn nn islands to be about 24,000,000 acres. The allow one- о 
t E .. 52910 0 materially itíonal ordinary manure to the land. Let me 
fourth of this extent of land to be annually manured with | 2 1 
m e 119 0 ivi tance, to explain this mo clearly. Professor 
y 10 -— f dv y. еее thon the е ра соп n, 9 Mind E th lt of a series of trials ps, 
0, ons of farm-yard manure, worth, a Say 
“Тыз conde М |бЕ Rd per Oa o ER GE ECCE UE тй, ЕРА 
enormou am i- » 
ЖАГА: йа, forcer med; and, im making Vois опон аі Ss, Ga. por soro., Now, it waa found. that theol 
t IE t- | comparison е must 7 not forget one very. materi al fact, b that PORRE donk SW. 
i the 60, 000, 09 tons of dun ave estima: о be ап: 
ушу аш g drawn your attention to the testi- | used, we spread 45,000,000 tons of water — In this rel hin" € Ta жыды. сыи ы A 
шапу СЎХ farm must ask yon farm. yard manure suffers by being compared with the chief of Su pero. баран of fidi e к 6 
3 1 i our arti: an e average amo! of wate m 
io pie gent аа 39 specimens of gaano, охала BE Ero P ы only Hitt arn оа ап эро à де, огей рг produce rm m i А 
3.09 рег cent. ; іп t supi osphate of lime of com- f a 
Е t fne conn best of Ше ver e very many scientific agriculturists of | merce, there is commonly Father ше than the rage | 9f Тагор, hien не р. RN ta food ding valuo eeu 
Es amount of ne i m igi E E ent u per ts тор, Jeaving the soil with all the additio; sim p 
in cubic orn о а, about 23 or er cent, d i 
"ege Johu а аы de coe 18 last week e ае amount of guano imported into this po erba we me by'the Pv. үй v oda "Purni зды чу- ik 
pihi in which he tells m те tleacre on the may fairly estimate at 250,000 tons, equal in value to 300,0007., | 329 П-р ERN Sf a i Ses da 
фет acre upon this farm rea of a nOD: ЖО | вау Q6 3L. "Then of Бопеа about 84,000 tons aro annually | Simple; ag : y 
à arm of à sores of arable la; й, әш ep A the larger weight of Turnips on the manured lan: E 
i. Pasture and meadow fertilising v imported: to these must be added the bones coll ovd Mul. БС anire өй ox the dand By бы 
| T substanc: Probably 50,000 tons of bones, which, added to the $4,000 tons | © үзү онор а а о р 
ЕТ ue imported, gives us 134,000 tons of bones altogether coilected. ec nt т, тшер жеи iens aight balre at Cub 
E of farm-yard manure А If we subtract 20,000 tons of these bones for the use of the Me based on truth, we can, ТЕЕ hardly arrive at any 
Eu comman guano, at 13s, 1 to а bone-turner and other purposes, we have 114,000 tons to be eonblusaie an that the ] 1 ial manures are not yet 
ix LT On Salt at 18, ui T d employed in agriculture—of Ld the Professor thinks about 1 1 loyed to th fin&io whioh thev are 
mentor haeoflme stes gg, 1: 1; 015 2 |40,000 tons а SNO) Rid HER STADA OF | eo а. аде огоо AR а шю и NN же 
ow : th +. 016 86) рег ton (equal to 240,0001. AA а 74,000 tons аге pe ranami tovi darius tis cda uarter ofa century well supporta 
21. |by the action. of sulphuric acid into 110,000 tons gears SES р q 0001; worth of 
КГ. TE TURNIPS. £218 8 phosphate d at 61. 10s. per ton, is worth 715, 0000" The Dade o iue а. 2 E More of 
P speret NL -yard manure mask oon of the mineral phosphates Dr. Anderso in 1840; and if so, we have had ап increasein the value of these 
hospbate of f lime . 1 6 9 estimates to be— lite artificials employed during the last 20 years, at the rate of 
y Cambridge coprolites ©. +- 40,000 tons. about 200,000. a year; and hence we may, I am inclined to 
e Suffolk itto 8,000 believe, safely arriveat the conclusion that taking into consider. 
коре hospi сан овда of о mand manure Apatite and other mineral phosphates `} 5,000 ation the rapid enlargement of our population, the consequent 
Pu of limo, 5c 0.0 bue os increasing value of the food of our live stock, and the rapidity 
ча | with which our crops are ed саш. TM TM AT majority of 
1 “з. which, when converted into the PERT эз ҹә lim the broad acres of our land wou е grateful for а mueh 
P and in Кыры: та аз {һе Һау їз рел, ye yi T2000 tons at а ог dun to 360, wr nivel upo Mn dressings than they have hitherto 
arc аад zx If we add to these about, 13,000 tons of nitrate of Soda, at 1 wed upon 
" 1 0 0 | (едпа1 о термо кез etel "s s of re n ed of ammon: e COUTE 
al to er or а cial 
; SSN 0 7 6 [аё 15. (equ 
E ms LET (putei wil Chambers EID A enr trn cui Calendar of Operations. 
value of the artificial m now yearly employed by the| Мовтн. th the excepti Feb. 4.—January has been a mild 
£1 9 61|farmers of our country :— nth, with th p frost from the 17 17th to the 
