sasen 8, 1862) THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE, 221 
а йе бесе to | be i m. ihe building by ЗЫ fo ШЕ, tho Highland Society in the simple wording of the | them. 2, Locomotive. engines working o | railways 
‘the first É Б gm 
sd the time for sen ding up iiis Ko Mr. Ho athocat was follow, wed by Alexander Мас Rae, who E ME the head-lands and crking implements 
y» Hanover Square to the 20th dur in order to a s py нае A patent 1 for ** ma, achinery for cultivating land b в of wire ropes, 4. Engines stationary whilst 
selection and arran by st r r. e prima туо pject, it would appear, was to 5 4 ; : 
баг for йе ne h QN es din ia adapt h pot оран for use in British Guinea, where the fields ЧА work, and working implem y means of wire 
ortunity woul orded of exchang E UL ard intersected by wide ditches or c: anal. p of scheme d a 
meos of Der ce the 20th May ; in the first , Mac Rae, although his engine and a are shewn working | been either vicia poe: the public or queat and 
] best fleeces wou! ~ be s "e tet ка when ш үз — hig Эргин ав Ката to unlevel lands | without usin ore than absolutely nec 
рше th ace, these wi 4 exchanged | 5y working the engine and anchor along the headlands. 
on j^ ранае without > геѓе жар The implement of this inventor is worthy of notice, for as bo E slide: © tho alleged advantages and d disad- 
bom best ad BS oft ТТ вау с hananing mom i is Red ith the ploughs nm to 
ership int, аз Messrs. Fiskin’s au owler’s, to which it bears a ud им ortunity of stating that dea- 
2 stained if i they prove to be the best. The names of | Strong resemblance; Mac Rae also anticipated our friend Mr. vourin, r3 to being steam e opportun into practico, грев по 
f| Williams of Baydon by having each plough independent of the 
ar one has worked harder or spent his ney more freely than 
= Р „| Other, I 
8 orward the motion of which his | | ? (9^ pd S А Феде crgo dms =ч 
Mr. John Fowler, vw far as I am kane li rned I hope he may 
ts. 
" annam, of Burcote, near Abingdon, а | be amply repaid fôr eat effor 
jribip had iv o nies That the Society contribute | well-known 5 И а inc ce eétion with Messrs. Barrett &| (1) ERES which EE over the Under th isad- 
vm Z. to the Memorial to his late Roy: | Exall, constructed. an apparatus for steam ploughing which may vantages, their weight is immense, and they have E propel 
ras An E ни CHE Ой by Sir be regarded as the first tto work ploughs or cultivators themselves over su or less uneven or more or less 
Highness 1 агу portable engine, and also to be the fi ttempt | yielding; the consumption of fuel and wa! four- 
d carried unanimous] he psi y Z; p 
Binard K у. to plough the land by an engine stationed at on: r out- | fold that of a stati. е, and the repairs, owing to the 
ийи having oot that Dr. Voelcker would | side the fi e have no evidence that wire ropes were ever | ir gularities of the surface of the land and greater friction— 
a lecture to the members on Wednes- | employed for steam ploughing until those supplied to Mr.| would probably be tenfold. The weight of such a machine, 
а йя 12th ud at half-past 12, the Council qm My Menis: e au хай, iios Mr. amit learn | passing over d. lso most objectionabl - 
ё, „ t the ropes were yards in length, an. rawing | maine, to whi e is due, has worked һа rr 
штей to that day at 12 o'clock. exhibited it will be seen that they were coiled and un-coiled by а | out the principle of a rotatory cultivator moving over the 
i - (— wind aving two winding barrels in the same | surface—a sc heme so ably advocated by Mr. Wren Hoskyns. 
i үтүче А manner as those now in use.- The ropes were also mes de und | believe, however, Mr. Romaine has abandoned the Pan ix 
| ers Clubs. pu Поув at ке оон of the fields, as shown in diagrams, and | favour of ri rope traction, for which he has obtained on. 
+ A now so w now. patents. 
IONDON CENTRAL ў zs Ар 3.— x j^ r. James Howard About bad acres were ploughed or cultivated by this apparatus в to the scheme of la; aying dow: all over a f: 
и Steam Cultivation : its Rise and Progress. at the rate of about 5 acres per diy, when it appears ‘the rope, | and working locomotive engines upon Сн whateer may 
The following paragraphs give the substance of this | from deficient strength, or pro bably. d bad hapa dling, gave | the оне and dispatch of such а system when once carried 
iteresting lect пге:— way. Doubtless, had more been КО, the | out, I cr it highly inprobebie, considering the outlay to be 
of Steam Power. —It may р startling, | Parties would have been rewar Ed vi ith, "greater success; but І | 201. to 30l. per acre, that soi ever M. S el use in this 
eure 8» | very much question whether any system of rope traction | country, at all events notun til landlords generally are much 
LÀ "dnd ^ dien of the pa am | would have gere a Aes anent Более but for the cvy richer, апа until а disposition to spend their money in the 
her cause, this cou tion of ropes f steel wire, which has contributed v Y | арестов of their estates has obtained more hold thro ugh- 
out the country. 
any ot 
f сачу to a. шыу у. 
Ei Pu, its manu Е тА ess, pe (9) In 1851, at the Great Exhibition, Lord Willoughby 
(3) Next in po^ are the en; S which travel along the 
Be means of supporting its abundant popu D'Eresby s bowl а complete steam ploughing apparatus, headlands as the work hinc qs Зө ese doubtless employ 
Until the discovery of this mighty agent, the Aalen peer of two engines, with a winding barrel on each— | their power more direct, and with a Fir da quantity of rope 
mitbe wealth of England were almost at a standstill. 80 | i.e., an engine for each headland. These ата аў work | than engines stationary at one point, but they have these 
kidy аз 1780 we only numbered 8 millions; and 900 years roce Ei A number of ploughs о еам ock's Turnwrest | drawbacks: when the soil is at all wet the passing of a dl 
kir, tho population was 64 millions. No sooner, however, | principle were placéd in a frame ае vid o r drawn from | engine along the headlands and the necessary coal and water 
"siho steam engine fairly brought into е, Бар, Ара em engine to enginn AA = chain, I эң if * nee rope instead | haulage after it, destroy in great measure the ma of me 
ЕШШ expansion of our trade and comme: ced, | of à chain een employed his lordship would have иеа, | ав well as lea eaving a good deal of M ed qe 
voc cdit it a corresponding increase tendi poen ане pad succeeded ently to be done by horse power in g 
Er. made England the great mart ofthe world. The| (10) Following up the course of invention wi ud come to tl h. 
ащ 
а rapid results of the factory have of late | the sch -— Messrs, MOM of Stockton-on-Tee: ei A Stationary Again, in hilly countries the engine is etimes 
pn imported into the threshing of ойг crops; no engine ля mployed, a main object of Mr. Fiskin being to | à steep ascent and sometimes о: Жор x descent, с tipes 
р е ег gun to e i Н і 
x gard the plou; ien ша ive off + о [o gin 
Жиз land by horse power as a siow an: nd tedious Por m by means of a light endless hempen cord, worked at a high це 
mi las become desirons of introducin. g into his fields the | velocity, which passed round pulleys on a self-moving anchor, 
sim despatch, and the same powerful ау Һе е. аа d of | and thence to winding-drums placed upon the implement, the | the level. Anot thar раса р көнге! is that a ма eadland 
®ший advantage in the preparation of his vier rev on o ich i ion the ploughs. ound m; b 
e Anda Thomas | m n . This appa е 
New compen: жон the Royal Agricultural Meeting in 1855, and created quite à 
ines or instru: meia E other p'ütable sensation ; as well as making a very favourable impression, 
g Common (11) In 1854 Mr. Fowler exhibited at the cri 
ies s Meeting held at Lincoln his steam drainin 
or e 
fn the report "of this Жейн published in the Journal, а | €28! Hie paratus, and if the farm be w pi: tice thin 
diagram is given ышы machine Tbe judges, in speaking of haus tity үе gon from 138 рош ч aud 2 ned Бш 
its wonderful per ees, wind up wit these remarks: béo ie beta н а ГӨР harig о ана РӨ 
s full “ Surely Ише ротага S applied B pye "ge pütpeses акың ono point instea 
we атау эў end the 1058 tb our and аа parties have greatly exaggerate ей А. loss а of power 
{ avi 
2) Whether those to whom the bue Sec com- | it tated in this r that for every po used, a horse 
mended took much notice of it or not we d t know, is sacrifi бей. ; feit ‚ во far fex this being the case, I 
but we do г ы, at the idea co indie pet: toa iud. iy a Dust care, хрен, e hen ane cul- 
farmer in the of Mr. Smith, of Wool ston, who in | the 1 oss of power from friction is 25 lbs. per pulley, just one- 
a a етан letter “informed а publie that he com- sixth of -— orse-power, Even this is not so и à disadvan- 
nced his ex after reading this report. e x t first sight would appear, for if were 
th 
that. Ram: 
mum таг and уза ET 
pu атыш ро апі ть 
ро ер 
EX | Mr, Бы айоо ordered an арканы ЭРМЕ Ромен | EE UE io кшш ariin put ри ЫЗ чиз 
e 
ad such faith in his | his cultivator. Af omiaan МОЕ, ап a lE e did wori | th а ыш аа пале р Dia ENE толай fhó DUM 
[өз wn horses, but by his | has a claim to the invention of the whole apparatus, but in meeting proved, most conclusively” t very little power was 
hise example, fearing Ter 1856, аба I of the Society of Arts, Mr. Smith admitted lxtin ls ойл ot ch wire. when properly supported 
he general introduction of h is | "ва t his is firs ollon of М Towie dad a rs. es, upon ul PAPPESKE BYD 
e direc f Mr. Fowler. o not mention this to 
SAn m ; Another inventor appe: Ded, à | detract from the great merit due to Mr. Smith asa pioneer in wild he in an b iee ngg герен 
ME "almost | Bio шама DU а A Steam cultivation, but simply that the merit should be propedy where о 56 dapi This S-horse engine, without ever 
"E Boydell, ER divided or given x the right auod. -— I will remark, ving, breaks up this 1 feld of heavy tenacious soil to a depth 
passing, that I believe Mr. „ош ith has Доп ба nnak ог ою 
a Major Pratt obtained letters | than any other m uo, Rs ng the co re to the importance uice xs yen а о ә саша тшд о A во much 
paratus. One of his schemes.| of steam culture, and to the fact that land l садеб ес economically Up € 
110г on op worked by steam power; he has also proved that land can be| Ach ents. — Hav ery imperfectly 
successfully and continuously farmed by simply * smasbing" | gire! tahe: the rise and pend of sem thai I 
has already 
or stirring, and that inversion of the soilis not so labsolutel 
1 necessary to successful cultiv: Sian аз it was generally believ. ei | P [mea m eni words sum up what I co 
Causes of delayed, Success.—Political economists tell e 400 or 500 farmers have 6 родий steam етн 
Por|us that the ©“ machinery of a country will naturally apparatus oF ae ki kind or one скок : ecd чей 
EET various correspond with its wants, and with the рату &nd | noces Вед Mora abd кеиин 
HO Sg А state of its people.” "This is undoub е, the| Тһе experience and the opinions of a large majority of the 
and improved | Schemes we have described having been invented Deforo | purchasers have dd and all Кыеп, ур have 
land, and new or n: they were really a or before their need w. testified to their and appreciation о 
plicat" thereto. ere can be no at a renundant н d "of steam tillage I shall say but 
the paralysing effect ^i pus old pooraw had жтт little, "What effect the general adoption of steam 
ary reser е "бае сар жаие: 3i hat tbe at also | po n our farms will have upon the country no опе 
ant ee convietion а e em oy- 1 
ee a peded. М d рене ые се cen teda i nds аң or hang | сап foresee. To expect that steam rS do as mueh for 
DAE донт. —- ft with | labour, and this conviction, ees h was sh! Missed p au p agriculture as it has done for m manufact; com- 
srimpi o, s Proposed either one | led people to take very little interest in labour-saving inven- merce would be idle; but that it will enormously 
tio mein fot Wan OF spen acl waa aiite a puo E ТЫ the produ ctiveness of. the country no one m 
vi ме VH scheme, Im distant from the farm, hab in most distriote Bf the horse bas p paid the least кошы to the subject can 
ighly 1 аня to the foresight pow bat would have been saved by tho itródüction NK moment doubt. Whether it will increase 
ve of the Highland and A. ЖаШ ТЕ] power sd have been employed in hauling coalfor the use | ingly the profits Barres we xi. viec ө; but 
s Әсер: itis worthy of remark that the most highly remunera. 
The ihan A which has taken place in farm practice by the trades of this nt 
ree pered a a premium of 5007, | substitution of the steam ane ng-machine, for the flail «ш лаар amongst the manufacturing trades ‚ош ту 
zi f steam power to the culti. | the horse-gear, has, doubtless, been brought about very m " arge p p 
well the zealo а | through the intersection of the country by rail ways. ieam drivet inery. То оаа of the 
t tb н This again has led the farmer to appreciate the value of and ФР аббата В ; tho 
imbibe a taste for steani-driven machinery; it has, moreover, | Country the question 
ed him to expend comparatively large sums of money | greatest ќа and a few noblemen and landed 
in the purchase of machin: е are creatures of habit, and proprietors have come forw and introduced steam 
ів astonishing, when we begin to spend money on machin nery я n У "FA > 
or anything else, how easy it is to jump from 3001, to 500l, and а their es ut it is mainl 
o 
: d Ol i the inven- | made so much eid in the country. ^ Landlor ill 
“аршу Ж“. the TET еч Society of | tions, which since 1855 n ve Yam iugi before ne consult their ow: orig all M as wellas that of t е 
1 reda А Similar amount, ed PURUS " Docet: x "s publie, into the following cl classes :—1. Engines uea cd frag g all hindrances to the adoption 
i A Breat dea] of Усу еы. if it had al drawing th р im unnecessary fences, to say 
