532 Bashford Dean Memorial Volume 



Tokyo Bay in 1881. At least one of these was a female. For the scanty history of these 

 two sharks see Gudger and Smith (1933, p. 248). As may be read therein, Doderlein 

 described the two specimens of Chlamydoselachus but his paper was lost. It is plain, 

 however, that he recognized that this shark is viviparous. For this see Rose's statement 

 in a later paragraph in this section. 



In 1884, the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pur^ 

 chased a slender snake4ike shark from Prof. H. A. Ward, who had obtained it from Japan. 

 Samuel Carman, curator of fishes, seeing that it was a new form, at once published 

 preliminary descriptions of it and named it Chlamydoselachus anguineus (the snake'like 

 cloak'gilled shark). In 1885 Carman described the anatomy of this partially eviscerated 

 female specimen. He found the badly preserved ovaries and oviducts much torn, but of 



Text-figure 2 



A female Chlamydoselachus with the eggs which have been cut out of her body. 



This figure has been carefully retouched to make the outlines clearer. 



After Nishikawa, 1898, Fig., p. 95. 



one of the oviducal tubes he says that "A piece left at the cloaca showed one of the [ovi] 

 ducts greatly distended, possible with young that had hatched within it". 



That this was a sound deduction is shown by Rose's statement (1895, p. 194) that 

 "One of the animals [a female Chlamydoselachus brought from Japan by Doderlein] had 

 'im Leibe' an embryo about 340 mm. [13.4 in.] long, which Professor Doderlein had the 

 kindness to turn over to me for study". With this statement of Rose's, it became almost 

 certainly established that Chlamydoselachus brings forth its young alive. 



However, the man who personally first definitely demonstrated that the frilled 

 shark is viviparous was the Japanese student, Nishikawa. In 1898, he wrote ''Chlamy^ 

 doselachus anguineus is viviparous, and the breeding season is spring, extending from 

 about the end of March to the beginning of June". Furthermore, he figured a female 

 shark and a number of eggs (Text'figure 2) taken from her body. This photograph was 

 poorly reproduced on soft paper and is without any explanatory legend. It is plain, 

 however, that these eggs are enormous in proportion to the siz,e of the body of the fish. 



