664 Bashford Dean Memorial Volume 



According to Garman there are six species of Heterodontus (Centracion) living at the 

 present time, and these are found only in the Pacific Ocean. But it is not certain that 

 sharks of the genus Heterodontus originated in the Pacific, since fossil Heterodonts have 

 been found in Bavaria and in England (see p. 698). 



Two species are confined to the eastern Pacific Ocean : Heterodontus francisci off the 

 coast of California and the western coast of Mexico; and H. quoyi around the Galapagos 

 Islands (it has also been taken at the Lobos de Fuero Island, nearer the coast of Peru). In 

 the western Pacific, H. phillipi, the Port Jackson shark, is found off the coasts of eastern 

 and southern Australia, and off New Zealand; and H. galeatus occurs off New South 

 Wales and Queensland. The two other species are H. zebra, ranging from China (rarely 

 from Japan) to the East Indies; and H. japonicus from the coasts of the Japanese islands 

 south of Hokkaido. Thus two species occur in Japanese waters: H. zebra has been 

 taken in the Sagami Sea, but the species usually found there is H. japonicus, the Japanese 

 Bullhead Shark. 



It is not necessary here to go into details concerning the surface anatomy of the 

 adults of these species, but a brief account of their distinctive characters will be helpful. 

 The species are here discussed in the order of their recorded discovery — meaning not 

 merely the capture and description of a specimen but its correct identification. In the 

 section devoted to each species, jaws and teeth are described last. 



HETERODOHTUS PHILLIPI BLAINVILLE 



This, the Port Jackson Shark, is the best-known species, and for half a century it was 

 the only species recogni2;ed. According to Whitley (1940) it occurs in the following 

 Australian waters: South Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, 

 Great Australian Bight to Southwestern Australia; commonest in the south. Found in 

 littoral waters to depth of 94 fathoms. 



The specific name, phillipi, has been spelled in different ways, but the species was 

 named for Governor Phillip. His name is thus spelled on the title page of the book 

 describing his voyage to New South Wales, with observations on the fauna and flora of 

 that region. This book (Phillip, 1789) contains the first authentic description and draw 

 ings of the Port Jackson Shark — so named by Phillip because his specimen was captured at 

 Port Jackson (Sydney Harbor), Australia. It was called Le Squale Phillip by Lacepede 

 (1798); Heterodontus phillipi by Blainville (1816); and Cestracion phillipi by Cuvier (1817). 

 An extensive synonymy is given by Garman (1913) under the title Centracion phillipi. 



According to Maclay and Macleay (1879) this shark was called Tabbigaw by the 

 Sydney aborigines. McCoy (1890) wrote that because of the form of the head and muziTjle 

 it was called the Bulldog Shark by Victorians. Saville-Kent (1897) states that Oyster- 

 crusher, Pigfish, and Bulldog Shark are names by which the Port Jackson Shark was known 

 locally to Australian fishermen. 



Mainly because of its historical importance, the somewhat conventionalized (but 

 otherwise correct) drawing of the Port Jackson shark in the volume describing Phillip's 



