The Embryology of Heterodontus japonicus 689 



is now no doubt that the species of Heterodontus ordinarily taken in Japanese waters is 

 not H. phillipi but a different species, named by Macleay (in Maclay and Macleay, 1879) 

 Heterodontus japonicus. A related species, H. zehra, has been taken but rarely in Japanese 

 waters, and there is no authentic record of H. phillipi ever having been taken off Japan. 

 Thus the English common name, Japanese Bullhead Shark, seems appropriate for Hetero- 

 dontus japonicus. 



As stated early in this article, Dean collected eggs and embryos of H. japonicus in 

 the Sagami Sea, at the entrance to the Gulf of Tokyo. In his notes Dean states that this 

 shark is not uncommon along the coasts of the Japanese islands south of Hokkaido. In 

 certain regions it is known to be abundant, as along the shores of the Inland Sea and in the 

 Sagami Sea. 



The Japanese Bullhead Shark has received several local names. Siebold (1850) 

 stated that the local name was Sasiwari. Brevoort (1856) explains that this name is 

 doubtless derived from Sas-ir, to stick in, and war, to cleave — in allusion to the spines in 

 front of the dorsal fins. Jordan, Tanaka and Snyder (1913, p. 8) record the following 

 colloquial names: J^ekpzam'e (Tokyo market; Misaki; Sagami); Sazaewari (Prov. Shima; 

 Osaka; Prov. Tosa); Sazaiwari (Nagasaki). It is called "Neko2;ame" in the volume entitled 

 ''Illustrations of Japanese Aquatic. . . Animals" (1913) elsewhere referred to. Dr. Dean 

 calls it Neko2;ame. A synonymy of scientific names follows : 



HETERODONTUS JAPOJilCUS Macleay 



Cestracion phillipi. Miiller and Henle, 1841, Plagiostomen, p. 76, pi. 31. 



Cestracion phillipi. Siebold, 1850, Fauna Japonica: Pisces, p. 304. 



Heterodontus zehra (not Gray). Bleeker, 1854, Verh. Bat. Gen., 26, 127- 



Cestracion phillipi. Brevoort, 1856, Perry Expedition, vol. II, Fig. 2, pi. 12. 



Cestracion phillipi var. japonicus. Dumeril, 1865, Elasm., p. 426. 



Cestracion phillipi. Giinther, 1870, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus., vol. VIII, p. 415. 



Heterodontus japonicus Mel. Maclay and Macleay, 1884, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 



8, p. 428, pi. XX. 

 Heterodontus japonicus Mel. Steindachner, 1896, Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus., Wien, 11, 



p. 224. 

 Heterodontus japonicus. Jordan and Fowler, 1903, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 26, p. 599. 

 Cestracion japonicus (Dumeril). Regan, 1908, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 8. ser. 1, p. 496. 

 Centracion japonicus. Garman, 1913, Plagiostomia. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 36, p. 184. 

 Heterodontus japonicus Dumeril. Jordan, Tanaka and Snyder, 1913, Journ. Coll. Sci., Imp. 



Univ. Tokyo, 33, Art. 1, p. 8. 



The Japanese Bullhead Shark, Heterodontus japonicus, was first figured and described 

 by Miiller and Henle (1841). Their specimen and figure were labelled ''Cestracion 

 phillipV\ At the time when their monograph was published, only three species of 

 Heterodontus (Cestracion) were known: H. phillipi, H. zehra and H. quoyi. No evidence 

 other than the figure itself (my Text'figure 21) is necessary to prove that the specimen 

 drawn was not one of these. Miiller and Henle listed nine specimens of H. phillipi 

 stored in various museums, and stated that they were collected in "Neuholland" (now 



