DIFFERENCES IN DESCRIPTION. 147 



the same treatment and fed in the same manner in 

 which ordinary oxen are, when preparing for the market. 



Culley intimates that the colour of the ears was red ; 

 Pennant says black ; and Bewick, writing a few years 

 later, says that they were red-eared, but that twenty 

 years before a few of them were black-eared. Possibly 

 Pennant saw some of these ; and as he classed the 

 Chillingham cattle in his brief description with those 

 at Drumlanrig, which he saw at the same time, and 

 which were all black-eared, he may have considered the 

 black ear, rather than the red, the more distinctive 

 characteristic of the race. It is, perhaps, a matter of 

 little moment ; for it will be seen, as we proceed with 

 this history, that other herds of white cattle have pro- 

 duced, like the Chillingham herd, ears of both these 

 colours, and that the one or the other has finally pre- 

 vailed in consequence of man's selection. 



I have stated above just what was known about 

 the Chillingham wild cattle at the close of the last 

 century. Before entering upon further inquiries re- 

 specting them, I proceed to describe briefly the locality 

 they inhabit. Chillingham Parish, Castle, and Park 

 are situate in Glendale Ward, Northumberland. The 

 Northumbrian " wards " answer in the main to the 

 hundreds in more southern counties, and each of them 

 contains numerous very extensive parishes, again sub- 

 divided into several townships. Glendale Ward, deriv- 

 ing its name either from the small river Glen, or from 

 the numerous and picturesque glens with which it 

 abounds, is situated in the wildest and most beau- 

 tiful part of the county of Northumberland, just 

 where England, enclosed by Scotland on the one side 

 and the German Ocean on the other, is narrowing 

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